太极拳推手右进步靠动作的生物力学分析

发布时间：2018-02-28 18:06

本文关键词： 太极拳推手运动生物力学右进步靠　出处：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究目的:经过几十年的实践和发展太极拳推手已迈入了国际竞技体育行业,到目前为止取得了显著的成就,但同时也暴露出许多不足,比如用蛮力取胜等现象。为进一步改善这种现状,本文从生物力学角度对太极拳推手右进步靠技术动作进行科学测试与分析,探讨该动作的运动学和动力学特征,为太极拳推手教学与训练的规范化、科学化提供一些现实依据。研究方法:本研究选取了9名北京体育大学太极拳推手运动员作为实验对象,运用红外高速运动捕捉系统(8镜头Motion Analysis)和三维测力台Kistler对太极拳推手右进步靠动作过程进行了测试,并结合三维解析系统对动作的不同阶段进行了分析,选取指标包括:重心位移和速度、各关节角度和三维力。实验结果:1、在完成动作的整个过程中,测试者的重心是处于不断变化的状态,优秀组重心移动的距离和速度都大于普通组,在水平方向的移动速度两组之间有显著差异(P0.05)。2、引化初期,优秀组与普通组的右肘和右膝屈曲角度有高度显著差异(P0.01)、左髋屈曲角度也存在显著差异(P0.05)。3、蓄劲和发放两个阶段,优秀组的各关节角度平均值基本都大于普通组,蓄劲末期,优秀组的右肩伸展角度、右髋旋转角度以及左髋屈曲角度与普通组都存在显著差异(P0.01),其他关节角度差异不显著;发放时优秀组与普通组的左肩、左髋屈曲角度都有显著差异(P0.05),右肩、左肘屈曲角度和右髋的内旋角度存在高度显著性差异(P0.01)。4、在垂直和水平方向优秀组的力值都大于普通组,发放瞬间优秀组与普通组运动员的前脚向下蹬地的力值分别达到1.00±0.06(N/BW)、0.85±0.04(N/BW),并存在显著性差异(P0.01)。结论:1、在完成动作的整个过程中,优秀组的动作幅度变化大于普通组,虚实转换明显,整体速度快,对提高发放效果有积极的作用。2、优秀组重心转移大于普通组,这可能与其肩、肘、髋、膝各个关节屈曲、伸展和旋转活动范围大有关,从而使优秀组组动作更加流畅和充分。3、太极拳推手右进步靠的发劲是通过蹬地、腰跨的扭转提高运动速度,以此增强靠击力,劲力的传递符合“起于脚、传于腰、达于梢”的顺序。
[Abstract]:Research objective: after decades of practice and development of Taijiquan push hand has entered the international competitive sports industry, so far has made remarkable achievements, but also exposed many shortcomings, For example, using brute force to win. In order to further improve this situation, this paper scientifically tests and analyzes the right progress of Taijiquan by technical action from the biomechanical point of view, and probes into the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of this movement. To provide some practical basis for the standardization of teaching and training of Taijiquan push-hand. The research methods: this study selected nine Taijiquan push-hand athletes of Beijing University of physical Education as experimental objects. Using the infrared high-speed motion capture system (Motion Analysis) and the three-dimensional force measuring platform (Kistler), the right progressive process of Taijiquan is tested, and the different stages of the action are analyzed with the help of the three-dimensional analysis system. The selected indicators include the displacement and velocity of the center of gravity, the angle of the joints and the three-dimensional force. The experimental result: 1: 1, the center of gravity of the tester is in a constantly changing state during the whole process of completing the action. The distance and velocity of the center of gravity moving in the excellent group were larger than those in the ordinary group, and there was significant difference between the two groups in the horizontal direction. There were significant differences in flexion angle of right elbow and right knee between the excellent group and the normal group (P 0.01). There was also significant difference in the flexion angle of the left hip between the excellent group and the normal group. In the two stages of storage and release, the average angle of each joint in the excellent group was basically higher than that in the normal group, and in the late stage of storage, there was also a significant difference in the angle angle between the excellent group and the normal group. There were significant differences in right shoulder extension angle, right hip rotation angle and left hip flexion angle between the excellent group and the normal group. There were significant differences in flexion angle of left hip and right shoulder, left elbow flexion angle and internal rotation angle of right hip. The force value of excellent group in vertical and horizontal direction was higher than that in normal group. The force of the forward foot of the excellent group and the ordinary group reached 1.00 卤0.06N / BWO 0.85 卤0.04N / BWN respectively, and there was significant difference (P0.01N). Conclusion: during the whole process of completing the action, the movement amplitude of the excellent group is larger than that of the ordinary group, and the change of false reality is obvious. The whole speed is fast, has the positive effect to improve the release effect. The excellent group's center of gravity shift is bigger than the ordinary group, this may be related to its shoulder, elbow, hip, knee joint flexion, extension and rotation range. In order to make the movements of the excellent group more smooth and full. 3. Taijiquan push the right hand forward by increasing the speed of movement through the twisting of the pedaling ground and the waist span, so as to enhance the force of relying on the impact, and the transfer of strength conforms to "starting at the foot and passing on the waist." To the end of the "order."
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G852.11;G804.6

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