3-10岁儿童拍球动作发展模式研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 06:25

本文关键词： 3-10岁儿童拍球动作模式　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在儿童成长的各个水平中,认知领域、动作领域、情感领域是对儿童发展影响最大的也是最重要的三个领域,而动作领域是最直观能够反映儿童生长发育状态的领域,儿童基本动作技能对儿童的作用不仅表现在身体发育上,对儿童思维能力、情绪情感的培育同样有不可忽视的正面功能。3-10岁期间是儿童身心发展最重要的时期之一,也是动作技能的迅速提升时期。Greg PUyn、耿培新。梁立国等人将动作发展概念定义为人们一生中所体验到的动作行为的变化[1]。其中儿童的基本动作技能发展是最重要的能力之一,基本动作技能的子系统别划分为位移技能、非位移技能和操作技能[1]。拍球动作是操作技能中的一项基本动作技能,儿童对拍球动作的掌握能力一定程度上反映了儿童在此年龄段动作技能发展水平,对此进行研究对义务教育水平儿i童体育运动的发展研究和体育教学研究具有一定帮助。在对拍球动作的研究方法中主要运用了文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法、录像观察法等方法对儿童拍球动作技能模式做了描述性研究,研究过程中在济南市小学、幼儿园中用整群抽样法抽取680名3-10岁儿童作为实验对象。经过分析得出以下结论:1.3-10岁儿童拍球动作发展的整体动作模式可分为四个水平,在较低年龄层次女孩的整体发展水平优于男孩,3-4岁时女孩先于男孩进入第二水平,但随着年龄发展男孩拍球动作技能逐渐超过女孩,并于4-5岁期间率先进入第二水平,在随后每一年龄层次发展中,处于儿童主要发展水平的男孩比例始终大于女孩。2.拍球动作各肢段发展模式总结为:(1)上肢动作发展模式中3-4岁期间女孩发展速度比男孩快,4-5岁为转折点,男孩首先进入较高级水平,此年龄水平后男孩发展速度逐渐增加,拍球动作比女孩更加流畅。(2)手部-腕部动作模式划分为三个水平,H1水平与第一水平相对应,H2水平对应第二、第三水平,H3水平对应第四水平,男女孩在4-8岁期间手部-腕部动作变化较小,主要集中在H2水平,小于4岁时处于动作僵硬水平,8岁后逐渐发展成熟。(3)躯干动作模式中以5岁为转折,5岁前女孩发展比男孩成熟早,5岁后男孩进入更高级模式水平人数比例比女孩高,女孩发展逐渐缓慢。(4)髋部-腿部动作模式中5岁前男女比例差距不大,5岁后男孩屈髋屈腿动作幅度逐渐减小,更快进入成熟模式。3.拍球动作整体发展模式与各肢段发展模式具有一定程度的类似,女孩在较小年龄段发展比男孩快,但受到儿童身心发展规律和周围环境和教育环境制约,女孩在运动技能发展过程中逐渐迟缓落后于男孩。在10岁到达最高水平后,女孩在10岁后可发展空间比男孩大。
[Abstract]:At each level of children's growth in the areas of cognition, action, emotion is the three most important areas of greatest impact on children's development, and the field of action is the most intuitive to reflect the state of growth and development of children, children basic skills on children's role not only in the physical development of children's thinking. Ability to cultivate emotion also can not ignore the positive function of.3-10 during the year is one of the most important period of physical and mental development of children, but also the skill rapidly during the period of.Greg PUyn, Liang Liguo et al. Peixin Geng will change [1]. action action concept is defined as one's life experience to the development of basic movements the skills of children is one of the most important ability, system basic skill not divided into displacement skills, non displacement skills and skills [1]. shoot the ball Is the operating skill of a basic skill, children to bounce the ball movement control ability to some extent reflects the children of this age skill development level, the research and development of research and teaching on the compulsory education level of children with I children's sports has certain help. In the research method of ball movement the main use of the literature, experimental method, mathematical statistics, video observation and other methods to do the descriptive research on children's ball skill mode, Ji'nan city primary school in the course of the study, the kindergarten with cluster sampling of 680 children aged 3-10 as experimental subjects. After analysis the following conclusions: 1.3-10 years old children take the overall development of the ball movement patterns can be divided into four levels, the lower age girl's overall development level is better than the boy, 3-4 years old girl before entering the boy The two level, but with the development of age boy ball skills more than girls, and the first to enter at the age of 4-5, during the second level, then in each age level development, mainly in the development level of children is always greater than the proportion of boys.2. girls beat the ball movement of each limb segment development model summarized as follows: (1) the upper limb movement development 3-4 year old girl during the model development speed than boys at the age of 4-5, as the turning point, the boy first entered into higher level, gradually increase the development speed of boys age level, take the ball more smoothly than girls. (2) - hand wrist movement mode is divided into three levels, the first level and relative level of H1 the level of H2, corresponding to second, third level, H3 level corresponding to the level of fourth, small hand - wrist movement changes at the age of 4-8 during the period of boys and girls, mainly concentrated in the H2 level, less than 4 years old in a stiff level, after 8 years old gradually Mature. (3) at the age of 5 in the turning movements of the trunk development mode, before the age of 5 girls mature earlier than boys, 5 years after the boy entered the higher proportion of level higher than girls, girls developed slowly. (4) hip - leg action mode before the age of 5 gender gap is not big, 5 years old the boy bent leg hip flexion movements decreased gradually, quickly entered the mature mode of.3. ball action as a whole development model and development model of each limb segment has a certain degree of similar age, girls than boys in the smaller development quickly, but by the children's physical and mental development rule and the surrounding environment and education environment, the girl in the motor skill development in the process of gradually slow behind the boy. At the age of 10 at the highest level, the girl in 10 years after the development of space than boys.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G808.1

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