不同动作程序视角下篮球教学的背景干扰效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 20:33

本文选题：高校篮球教学　切入点：初学者　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：篮球课程是高校公共体育教学中的必修课程,但因其运动技能的多样性、复杂性和课时安排的局限性,如何高质量、高效率的完成教学计划,是摆在高校体育教师面前的巨大难题。教师为完成教学计划,往往需要学生在同一教学课中对多种不同动作技能进行练习,如何合理设计与安排训练课程的组织练习方式,使学习者在有限的课时内取得最佳的学习效果,成为众多高校体育教师密切关注的课题。国外研究人员在上世纪70年代针对动作技能的练习组织方式提出了“背景干扰效应”理论,研究发现在动作技能训练过程中,通过加入不同程度的背景干扰来改变练习组织方式,有利于动作技能的习得与保持。目前,国内针对背景干扰效应的相关研究主要集中在相同动作程序视角下,对以不同动作程序为视角缺乏系统性研究。本研究拟通过对在校大学生进行以不同动作程序为视角的篮球教学实验研究,探究不同动作程序篮球体育教学过程中是否存在“背景干扰效应”,旨在为高校更好的开展篮球教学提供理论依据与启示。本研究采用教学实验法、专家访谈法、文献资料法、数理统计法等方法,在济南大学公共体育课的学生中随机抽取45名未经过篮球训练的男生为实验对象,进行蛇形分组,共分为低背景干扰的固定练习组、中等背景干扰的渐进练习组和高背景干扰的随机练习组,每组15人。对3组进行基本身体指标和身体素质的同质性检验,以保证组间同质。以低难度的原地单手肩上投篮、中等难度的行进间高手抛投和高难度的运球急停跳投3种不同动作程序作为实验的教学任务,对实验对象共进行3周的教学实验,每周进行3次练习课,共9次练习课。在实验教学阶段结束后,分别对3组进行技能习得、保持和迁移测试,在测试结束后对各测试结果进行数理统计分析后得出结果。研究结果表明:1.在校大学生篮球初学者在进行同一训练单元不同动作技能练习时,在动作技能学习后初期的习得测试中,随机练习组与固定练习组之间并未出现显著性差异,没有发生“背景干扰效应”。而在技能的保持和迁移测试中,随机练习组成绩均优于固定练习组和渐进练习组,并且与固定练习组成绩呈现显著性差异,存在“背景干扰效应”。2.高背景干扰的随机练习法在同一训练单元中进行不同程序动作技能练习时,更有利于组内不同难度动作技能整体操作效果的提升。3.在进行不同动作技能组成的同一训练单元篮球教学时,随机练习法针对于高难度的单项动作技能的习得效果,明显优于固定练习法与渐进练习法,背景干扰越高,技能保持与迁移的效果越好。4.研究认为,同时具备固定练习与随机练习特点的中等背景干扰的渐进练习法更有利于重点提高中、低难度的单项动作技能操作效果。
[Abstract]:Basketball course is a compulsory course in public physical education teaching in colleges and universities. However, due to the diversity and complexity of sports skills and the limitation of class schedule, how to complete the teaching plan of high quality and high efficiency, In order to complete the teaching plan, teachers often need students to practice different kinds of action skills in the same teaching class, and how to design and arrange the organization and practice way of training courses reasonably. To enable learners to achieve the best learning results in a limited period of time, In -30s, foreign researchers put forward the theory of "background interference effect" in view of the practice organization mode of motor skills, and found that in the process of training motor skills, foreign researchers put forward the theory of "background interference effect". It is beneficial for the acquisition and maintenance of motor skills to change the way of practice organization by adding different degrees of background interference. At present, domestic researches on background interference effect are mainly focused on the same action program perspective. There is a lack of systematic research on different action procedures. This study intends to carry out an experimental study on basketball teaching from the perspective of different action procedures for college students. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical basis and inspiration for the better development of basketball teaching in colleges and universities. This study adopts teaching experiment method, expert interview method and document method. By means of mathematical statistics and other methods, 45 male students who were not trained in basketball were randomly selected from the students in public physical education class of Jinan University for snake-like grouping, which were divided into two groups: a fixed practice group with low background interference. The gradual exercise group with moderate background interference and the random exercise group with high background interference, each group with 15 people, were tested for the homogeneity of basic body indexes and physical fitness in three groups to ensure homogeneity between groups. There are three kinds of different action programs for the experiment: the middle difficulty walking master throwing and the high difficulty dribbling stopping jumping shot as the teaching task of the experiment. The experimental subjects are given three weeks of teaching experiments and three times a week of practice. At the end of experimental teaching, the three groups were tested for skill acquisition, retention and transfer. After the end of the test, the results are obtained by statistical analysis of the results of each test. The results show that: 1.When college students basketball beginners are practicing different action skills in the same training unit, There was no significant difference between the random exercise group and the fixed exercise group in the acquisition test of the early stage after the learning of motor skills, and there was no "background interference effect". However, in the skill retention and transfer test, there was no significant difference between the random exercise group and the fixed exercise group. The results of random exercise group were better than that of fixed exercise group and progressive exercise group, and there were significant differences between random exercise group and fixed exercise group. There is a "background interference effect" .2.When a random exercise method with high background interference performs different program action skills exercises in the same training unit, In the same training unit basketball teaching with different movement skills, the random exercise method is aimed at the acquisition effect of the highly difficult individual action skills. The higher the background interference, the better the effect of skill retention and transfer. At the same time, the gradual practice with middle background interference with the characteristics of fixed exercise and random exercise is more helpful to improve the operation effect of single action skill with low difficulty.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841-4

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