数字化游戏中非玩家角色自适应行为的研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 04:30

本文选题：非玩家角色　切入点：自适应　出处：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：非玩家角色是指游戏中为了游戏进行而设置的由程序控制的角色，是虚拟游戏世界的重要组成部分，一直贯穿游戏情节的始终。所以，非玩家角色一直以来都是玩家关注的焦点，其设计的好坏在很大程度上影响着游戏的成功与否。为了呈现完整的游戏交互叙事，唤起玩家对于非玩家角色的认知和情感态度，设计者经常利用非玩家角色行为机制的控制来实现游戏角色之间的信息交互。因此，非玩家角色的行为研究受到了游戏设计者的高度重视。本研究通过相关文献的检索和分析得知，目前数字化游戏研究中非玩家角色的行为大部分是基于随机决策或者传统的预定义行为决策决定的，致使随着玩家体验游戏次数的增多，就可能清晰地认识到游戏中非玩家角色的大致行为模式，这样极大地降低了玩家的参与性，使玩家丧失继续体验游戏的兴趣。因此，本研究结合相关的理论研究，提出了研究的重点，即能否使非玩家角色拥有人类的思维模式，使其通过感知虚拟游戏环境的变化与自身状态的详细信息，制定行为决策和规划，指导自身的自适应行为，进而增加游戏的真实体验，牢牢地吸引玩家的注意力。有鉴于此，本研究采用文献分析法、案例分析法、系统开发研究法等研究方法，利用现有的游戏开发工具，设计与开发一款拥有非玩家角色自适应行为的数字化游戏。其主要研究工作有以下四个方面。（1）通过查阅与分析国内外的相关研究文献，对本研究中所涉及的概念以及理论进行详细的研究与阐述，为后续理论模型的构建和游戏实例的开发奠定理论基础。（2）参照国内外相关游戏案例的设计与分析，总结理论模型的构建思路和原则，并提出该理论模型的构建要素，以及各要素之间的相互联系，最终构建出具有非玩家角色自适应行为的游戏整体理论模型，进行非玩家角色自适应行为系统结构的细化设计。（3）结合具体的学科知识体系，进行详细的教学设计。在此基础上，利用“强化学习”技术实现非玩家角色自适应行为的控制，制定详细的各功能模块实现思路。其中包括各角色状态空间和行为空间的表示、不同状态——动作对值的修正，以及如何依据这些值选择合理的行为等。（4）鉴于以上提出的解决思路，利用相关游戏软件开发平台，开发设计出具体的游戏案例；并根据游戏运行效果，做出强化学习过之后的非玩家角色与非强化学习和传统强化学习训练的非玩家角色智能效果的相关实验验证。随着上述各项研究工作的逐步展开，本研究取得了以下三点研究成果。（1）本研究构建出具有非玩家角色自适应行为的游戏整体理论模型，并结合初中《思想品德》学科进行详细的教学设计。在此基础上分析了如何实现数字化游戏中非玩家角色的自适应行为，其中包括：在程序中各角色状态空间和动作空间的表示、奖惩反馈信号的制定、不同状态—动作对值的修正、根据这些值如何选择适合的行为以及这些行为应如何执行等。（2）本研究利用Eclipse软件开发平台实现了感知子系统、行为选择子系统以及动作执行子系统的设计，最终开发出一款名为《警察快跑》的数字化模拟游戏，且在数字化游戏网站这一载体上呈现出来。（3）结合非玩家角色自适应行为的游戏实例运行效果，做出实验研究结果的分析，比较强化学习过之后的非玩家角色与非强化学习和传统强化学习训练的非玩家角色之间的智能效果差异。由于研究者的时间及技术开发能力有限，，数字化游戏中非玩家角色自适应行为的设计虽能够体现最初的研究意图和思想，但是仍然存在许多问题和不足，未来的研究工作将围绕如何能够更好的设计开发出非玩家角色的自适应行为。
[Abstract]:Non game player role is that the game for the game set by the program control, is an important part of the virtual game world, has been through the plot of the game all the time. So, the non game player role has long been the focus of attention of the game player, its design quality has a great influence on the success of the game in order to present a complete interactive narrative game, game player game player role for non arousing cognitive and affective attitude control, designers often use non game player role behavior mechanism to realize the information interaction between the role of the game. Therefore, study on the behavior of non game player attaches great importance to the role of the game designer.
In this study, through literature search and analysis, the non digital game of game player role behavior is mostly based on stochastic decision decision or decision of the traditional deterministic behavior, resulting in increasing the number of game player game experience, can clearly recognize the general behavior pattern non game player characters in the game, thus greatly reduce the participation of the game player, the game player to lose interest in the game experience. Therefore, this study combined with relevant theoretical research, put forward the focus of the study, namely whether the non game player role owner class mode of thinking, the detailed information by sensing changes in virtual game environment and its status, making decision and behavior planning, guidance of adaptive behavior itself, and then increase the game experience, firmly attract game player's attention.
In view of this, this study adopts the method of literature analysis, case analysis, research methods of system development. On the other hand, the use of existing game development tools, design and development of a non adaptive behavior of digital game game player role. The main research work in the following four aspects.
(1) through consulting and analyzing related literatures at home and abroad, the concepts and theories involved in this study are studied and elaborated in detail, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the construction of subsequent theoretical models and the development of game instances.
(2) according to the design and analysis of the domestic and foreign related game case, construction ideas and principles summed up the theoretical model, and proposes the construction elements of the theoretical model, and relations among various elements, finally constructed with non adaptive behavior game game player role of the whole model, detailed design of non adaptive behavior of game player role system structure.
(3) combined with the knowledge system the specific teaching design in detail. On this basis, the use of "non adaptive behavior control game player role reinforcement learning technology, develop the function module detailed implementation method. It includes the role of the state space and behavior space, different values of state action on the basis of the value of correction, and how to choose reasonable behavior.
(4) given the solutions mentioned above, using the related game software development platform, development and design a specific game case; and according to the game running effect, to strengthen the relevant experimental study after the non game player role and non reinforcement learning and traditional reinforcement learning training non intelligent character verification. The effect of game player
With the gradual expansion of the above research work, the following three research achievements have been obtained in this study.
(1) this research constructs with non adaptive behavior game game player role of the whole model, and combined with the junior middle school ideological and moral teaching subject < > Design in detail. Based on the analysis of how to realize the adaptive behavior in non digital game game player role, including: said in the program of the role of the state space and action the reward feedback signal formulation, different state action value of the correction, based on these values to select the appropriate behavior and how to perform these behaviors.
(2) using Eclipse software development platform, we realized the design of perception subsystem, behavior selection subsystem and action execution subsystem. Finally, we developed a digital simulation game called "police run up", and presented it on the carrier of digital game website.
(3) combined with the effect of the game instances of the non player role adaptive behavior, we made the analysis of the experimental results, and compared the difference of the intelligence between the non player role and the non player role after reinforcement learning.
Due to the limited time and technology development, the design of non adaptive behavior in the digital game game player role can reflect the original intention and thought, but there are still many problems and shortcomings, future research will focus on how to design and develop the adaptive behavior of non game player role better.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G899

【参考文献】