女青少年游泳运动员高原训练期间补铁及营养教育干预效果研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 07:47

本文选题：游泳运动员　切入点：膳食营养　出处：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对女性青少年游泳运动员在高原训练期间进行膳食营养调查,探究女性游泳运动员膳食营养状况,并且对游泳运动员进行为期四周的教育和补铁的干预,探究营养教育以及补充铁制剂对女性青少年游泳运动员血液生化指标以及膳食营养状况的影响。研究分为两个步骤进行。首先,通过运动员营养知识、态度、行为(KAP)问卷调查、称重法膳食调查以及血液生化指标测定等手段对游泳运动员的膳食营养状况进行基础调查。其次,通过对游泳运动员进行分组和分别进行为期四周的教育和补铁干预之后,进行KAP问卷调查、称重法和血液生化指标测试,探究教育和补铁两种因素对游泳运动员的膳食营养的作用和影响。最终得出以下结论:1.KAP营养调查发现游泳运动员营养知识薄弱,营养态度和膳食行为表现相对较好,营养知识与膳食行为直接存在正相关性。营养摄入方面,运动员早中晚餐和加餐营养供能比例不合理,加餐供能比例过高。运动员总能量摄入不足,主要原因是碳水化合物摄入不足,并且维生素摄入普遍缺乏,一大部分矿物质元素摄入不足。运动员各生理生化指标正常,体内铁储备正常,反映出运动员身体机能良好。2.四周的营养教育可以一定程度改善运动员对膳食营养的科学认识,但并未改善运动员营养态度和膳食行为,说明营养教育时间和方法有待改善。3.四周的营养教育后,运动员的膳食营养状况并没有相应的改善。膳食调查中出现的问题并未获得改善,说明膳食营养教育对运动员膳食行为改善作用不显著。4.四周的教育和补铁对运动员身体的生理生化指标尤其是与铁代谢相关指标无明显改善性的影响,说明四周的教育和补铁未能提升运动员铁储备和身体机能水平。
[Abstract]:A dietary nutrition survey was carried out on young female swimmers during plateau training to explore the dietary nutrition status of female swimmers and to carry out four-week education and iron supplementation intervention to swimmers. To explore the effects of nutrition education and iron supplementation on blood biochemical indexes and dietary nutritional status of female adolescent swimmers, the study was divided into two steps. Firstly, a questionnaire survey of athletes' nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior was conducted. The dietary and nutritional status of swimming athletes was investigated by means of weighing diet survey and blood biochemical index measurement. Secondly, after the swimmers were divided into groups and after four weeks of education and iron supplementation, KAP questionnaire survey, weighing method and blood biochemical index test were carried out to explore the effects and effects of education and iron supplementation on the dietary nutrition of swimmers. Finally, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The nutritional knowledge of swimmers was found to be weak by KAP nutrition survey. Nutrition attitude and dietary behavior are relatively good, nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior have direct positive correlation. In terms of nutritional intake, the proportion of nutritional energy supply for early dinner and supplementary meal of athletes is not reasonable. The main reason is that the carbohydrate intake is insufficient, and the vitamin intake is generally lacking, and most of the mineral elements are not enough. The athletes' physiological and biochemical indexes are normal. The normal iron storage in the body reflects that the nutrition education for four weeks can improve the scientific understanding of dietary nutrition to some extent, but it does not improve the nutritional attitude and dietary behavior of athletes. It shows that the nutrition education time and method need to be improved. 3. 4 weeks after nutrition education, there is no corresponding improvement in dietary nutrition status of athletes, and the problems in dietary investigation have not been improved. The results showed that dietary nutrition education had no significant effect on the improvement of dietary behavior of athletes. The effects of four weeks of education and iron supplementation on physiological and biochemical indexes of athletes, especially those related to iron metabolism, were not significantly improved. Four weeks of education and iron supplementation failed to improve athletes' iron reserves and physical function.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1

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