不同等级运动员散打鞭腿动作的运动生物力学分析

发布时间：2018-03-09 01:09

本文选题：散打　切入点：鞭腿　出处：《西安体育学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:散打鞭腿是散打项目最有效的得分手段,但通过了解西安体育学院的散打现状,发现运动员鞭腿得分效率并不好。出现类似“勾小腿”、“扫腿”的错误动作。鉴于此,本研究通过分析对散打鞭腿进攻腿的运动学特征,动力学特征和肌电活动特征来探讨鞭腿得分效率低的原因,并为散打鞭腿训练提供建议。方法:实验法。实验对象:西安体育学院一级、二级散打运动员各5名。实验仪器:1.三维影像分析系统:卡西欧EX-FH100摄像机2台,Ariel公司的APAS软件一套;2.肌电信号分析系统:芬兰Mega Win ME600便携式遥测肌电信号测试仪一台及其配套软件一套;3.等速肌力测试系统德国Isomed2000型多关节等速力量测试及康复系统,及其配套的闭合链附件。实验方案:1.受试者依次就位,同步灯亮起后迅速做出动作。每人重复两次。2.在等速肌力测试仪测试右髋关节、膝关节、踝关节的伸肌屈肌在60°/s、120°/s、180°/s速度下的等速数据,各五次。结果:1.一级运动员的动作完成时间比二级运动员的要短,动作速度快;在发现对手破绽时,一级运动员与二级运动员反应时间相差不大。2.一级运动员在各个关节的线速度峰值都大于二级运动员,踝关节差距尤其明显(p=0.002),挺髋扣膝阶段二级运动员髋关节角度大部分比一级运动员小(p=0.028),而此时膝关节角度两者并没有差距(p=0.816)。这是因为二级运动员在挺髋扣膝阶段没有充分挺髋,造成膝关节没有完全被髋关节带动。3.各受试运动员的各个关节相对峰值力矩整体是随着速度的增大呈现出下降的趋势,一级运动员髋关节屈的中快速力量好于二级运动员;4.各个关节的肌肉群的相对平均功率都随着关节速度的增大而增大,各个肌肉群从60°/s到120°/s时变化明显,从120°/s到180°/s时变化趋势不明显。一级运动员在各个关节的肌肉群的相对平均功率都大于二级运动员。5.当关节速度在120°/s和180°/s时,一级运动员的关节稳定性要好于二级运动员;当关节速度在60°/s时,一级运动员关节稳定性不如二级运动员。6.一级和二级运动员的肌肉激活顺序在各个时刻都不相同,部分二级运动员肌肉激活顺序不合理。7.一级和二级运动员的不同肌肉的动员特征在各个时刻有些不同,二级运动员在T3时刻肌肉动员不合理。结论:1二级运动员力量小于一级运动员是导致运动员动作完成时间长的主要原因。2二级运动员髋关节和膝关节的线速度几乎同时到达峰值,在挺髋阶段没有将髋关节挺出去,肌肉激活顺序不合理都是造成鞭腿“扫腿”错误动作的原因。3二级运动员屈髋提膝时刻小腿没有放松,关节稳定性差,屈髋提膝时刻肌肉动员不合理,都是造成鞭腿“勾小腿”错误动作的原因。
[Abstract]:Objective: Sanda whip leg is the most effective means of scoring in Sanda event, but through understanding the present situation of Sanda in Xi'an Institute of physical Education, it is found that the score efficiency of whipping leg of athletes is not good, and there are some wrong actions such as "hook the lower leg" and "sweep the leg". By analyzing the kinematics, dynamics and electromyography of the attacking legs of the whiplash legs, this study discussed the reasons for the low efficiency of the lashes. Methods: experimental method. Experiment object: Xi'an Institute of physical Education. Experiment instrument: 1. Three-dimensional image analysis system: APAS software of Casio EX-FH100 camera 2, APAS 2. EMG signal analysis system: Finland Mega Win ME600 portable telemetering EMG signal tester. An isokinetic muscle strength testing system (Isomed2000) in Germany, a multi-joint isokinetic strength testing and rehabilitation system, The experimental scheme: 1. The subjects were in position in turn, and the synchronous lights turned on. Each of them repeated it twice. 2. The right hip joint and knee joint were tested with the isokinetic muscle force tester, the right hip joint, the knee joint, and the knee joint were measured with the isokinetic muscle force tester. The isokinetic data of the extensor flexor of the ankle at the speed of 60 掳/ s / 120 掳/ s / s / s 180 掳/ s, respectively, five times each. As a result, the completion time of the first class athlete is shorter than that of the second class player, and the speed of the movement is faster. When an opponent is found to be broken, The response time of first-level athletes and second-level athletes is not different. 2. The peak linear velocity of first-level athletes in each joint is higher than that of second-level athletes. The ankle joint gap is especially obvious. The hip joint angle of the second class athletes at the stage of hip buckling is mostly smaller than that of the first class athletes, but there is no difference between the two knee joint angles at this time. This is because the second class athletes do not fully support the hip at the stage of the joint buckling. As a result, the knee joint was not completely driven by the hip. The relative peak torque of each joint of the athletes was decreasing with the increase of the speed. The average relative power of the muscle group of each joint increases with the increase of the joint velocity, and the changes of each muscle group are obvious from 60 掳/ s to 120 掳/ s. From 120 掳/ s to 180 掳/ s, the relative average power of the muscle group of the first class athletes was higher than that of the second class athletes. When the joint velocity was 120 掳/ s and 180 掳/ s, the joint stability of the first class athletes was better than that of the second class athletes. When the speed of the joint is 60 掳/ s, the stability of the joint of the first class athletes is not as good as that of the second class athletes. 6. The order of muscle activation of the first and second class athletes varies from moment to moment. The order of muscle activation of some secondary athletes is unreasonable. 7. The mobilization characteristics of different muscles of the first and second class athletes are somewhat different at each moment. Conclusion the force of the second class athletes is less than that of the first class athletes. 2. The linear velocity of the hip joint and the knee joint of the second class athletes is the main reason for the long time of the athletes' movement completion. 2. The linear velocity of the hip joint and the knee joint of the second class athletes. Reaching the peak at the same time, In the stage of hip thighting, the hip joint was not pushed out, and the unreasonable order of muscle activation was the cause of the wrong action of "sweeping the leg" of the whip leg. .3 the second class athletes did not relax their lower legs at the time of raising their knees, and the stability of the joints was poor. The improper mobilization of muscles at the time of bending hip and raising knee is the reason for the wrong action of "hook the lower leg" of the whip leg.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G852.4

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