公路自行车男子有氧耐力训练手段的优选及应用效果研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 14:06

本文选题：公路自行车　切入点：有氧运动　出处：《西安体育学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公路自行车主要是进行长距离竞赛项目,其对运动员的身体耐力水平要求比较高,属于耐力性运动项目。本研究试从公路自行车有氧耐力训练手段的优选方面来进行相关研究,并筛选出相关指标用以反应何种有氧训练手段效果比较好,揭示出不同的训练手段对于公路自行车运动成绩的影响,以及不同的供能方式对公路自行车运动员有氧耐力的影响,和不同的生理指标对于公路自行车运动员有氧耐力水平的评定作用。本研究以陕西省米兰自行车队公路项目组的20名男性队员为研究对象,将其随机分为实验组与对照组,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、实验法和测试法等研究方法。通过对实验组与对照组进行为期3个月的测试训练,利用测试数据分别对两组在35km爬坡骑(min)、红细胞(RBC)、肺活量(VC)等指标进行分析,最后采用Microsoft Excel 2010对所测试到的数据进行整理,并且采用Spss22.0对整理后的数据进行分析处理。研究结果显示:(1)通过对实验组与对照组进行35km爬坡骑(min)项目测试中,实验组训练前为115.54±1 min,训练后98±0.42 min,对照组训练前为115.5±2 min,训练后为112±0.42 min,实验组运动员耗时要比对照组有比较显著的提升;(2)对实验组与对照组进行安静心率(b/min)的检测,实验组在训练前安静心率为71±2 b/min,训练安静心率后为60±2 b/min,对照组在训练前安静心率为70±2 b/min,训练后安静心率为66±2 b/min,实验组运动员安静心率经过训练要比对照组表现出较好的机能状态;(3)对实验组与对照组进行肺活量(VC)的测试,实验组在训练前肺活量为4675.3±55 ml,训练后肺活量为4950±30 ml,对照组在实验前肺活量为4771.2±50 ml,训练后肺活量为4810.3±40 ml;通过对比发现,经过训练实验组肺活量水平提升更加明显。研究结论表明:(1)经过三个月对照试验,采用优选训练手段后实验组的运动成绩,以及心肺机能都得到了比较明显的改变与提升;对照组未采用优选训练手段相关指标变化不明显。表明优选耐力训练方法与手段的优势与效果比较好。(2)通过对对照组与实验组进行优选手段效果的评定分析表明,两组血液生理生化相关指标均出现不同程度的改变,具体表现在红细胞、血红蛋白等数量明显增加,实验组增加比较明显,表明其有氧耐力水平提升较大,同时无氧耐力水平也得到一定程度的提升均与优选方法训练相关。(3)实验表明,自行车运动员耐力训练时,教练员应尽最大能力选择有效地训练方法与手段,并根据实际情况及时调整训练计划,降低运动损伤的发生,提升运动训练的效果。结合实验组和对照组试验后成绩测试对比分析表明,高效、科学与合理的训练计划有助于提高自行车运动员的竞技能力与水平的提升。
[Abstract]:Road bicycle is mainly a long distance competition event, which requires high level of physical endurance of athletes, and belongs to endurance sports. The effects of different training methods on the performance of road cycling and the effects of different energy supply methods on the aerobic endurance of road cyclists are revealed. In this study, 20 male members of the road project group of Milan cycling team in Shaanxi Province were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. By using the methods of literature, questionnaire, expert interview, experiment and test, the experimental group and the control group were trained for 3 months. Using the test data, we analyzed the two groups of indexes, such as climbing slope at 35km, red blood cell (RBC), vital capacity (VCC), etc. Finally, Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to sort out the tested data. Spss22.0 was used to analyze and process the data. The results showed that: 1) in the test of 35km climbing slope and riding min. in the experimental group and the control group, The experimental group was 115.54 卤1 min before training, 98 卤0.42 min after training, 115.5 卤2 min before training in the control group and 112 卤0.42 min after training. The time consuming of the athletes in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The experimental group had a quiet heart rate of 71 卤2 b / min before training and 60 卤2 b / min after training. The control group had a quiet heart rate of 70 卤2 b / min before training and 66 卤2 b / min after training. The quiet heart rate of the athletes in the experimental group was better than that in the control group after training. The vital capacity of the experimental group and the control group were measured. The vital capacity of experimental group was 4675.3 卤55ml before training and 4950 卤30ml after training, while that of control group was 4771.2 卤50ml before training and 4810.3 卤40ml after training. After training, the improvement of vital capacity level in the experimental group was more obvious. The conclusion of the study was that after three months of control experiment, the exercise performance and cardiopulmonary machine ability of the experimental group were obviously changed and improved after adopting excellent training methods. There was no significant change in the relative indexes of the control group, which showed that the superiority and effect of the superior endurance training methods and methods were better than that of the control group, and the evaluation and analysis of the effects of the excellent selection methods between the control group and the experimental group showed that, The relative indexes of blood physiology and biochemistry in the two groups were changed to different degrees, which were manifested in the increase of the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, and the increase of the experimental group, which indicated that the aerobic endurance level of the two groups was higher than that of the control group. At the same time, the level of anaerobic endurance is also improved to a certain extent, which is related to the training of excellent selection method. The experiment shows that, in endurance training of cyclists, coaches should do their best to choose effective training methods and means. According to the actual situation, the training plan is adjusted in time, the occurrence of sports injury is reduced, and the effect of sports training is improved. Scientific and reasonable training plan helps to improve the competitive ability and level of cyclists.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G872.3

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