体力活动延缓老年人肌衰减的量效关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 18:48

  本文选题：肌肉衰减症　切入点：老年人　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究目的和意义:肌肉衰减症是一种以肌肉质量减少,肌肉力量和功能能力下降为表现的一种老年慢性综合症。肌衰减严重影响老年人的身心健康,使老年人的自理能力下降,增大了老年人跌倒、残疾和死亡风险。如今,肌衰减已成为多数发达国家面临的主要公共健康问题之一。随着我国人口老龄化的到来,肌衰减的老年人口将会急剧增加,其医疗开支给国家和家庭带来了沉重的经济负担。目前,国外对于肌衰减的诊断标准、影响因素、防治策略的研究非常热,而我国关于此方面的研究还比较欠缺。有关研究表明,营养、药物治疗和体力活动干预是延缓肌衰减的有效方法和手段。本研究探讨了体力活动与肌衰减的量效关系,进而为体力活动干预和指导肌衰减提供理论依据。研究对象和方法:首先采用整群抽样的方法选取了年龄范围为18~70岁的204名受试者,运用双能X线吸收测定法(DEXA)和生物电阻抗法(BCAⅡ)两种方法对受试者进行肌肉质量指标的测定,运用Pearson相关系数、配对T检验和Bland-Altman分析法来比较两种测量方法的一致性程度。又采用多阶段抽样的方法选取了年龄范围为60~97岁的6185名受试者,测量了受试者的身高、体重、肌肉质量、握力、步速、血液、血压、臀围和骨密度等指标,运用Logistic回归方程研究了肌衰减的影响因素,探讨了体力活动水平和肌衰减的量效关系。研究结果:DEXA和BCAⅡ分别测量的四个变量(FM,LM,MM,BM,所有p0.01)无论在男性或女性中相关性都很高,且平均值间的差异小,没有发现两种方法之间的系统化的差异。在所有四个变量中,男性和女性的DEXA和BCAⅡ之间的平均差异包含在95%可信限度内。Logistic回归方程的结果显示,年龄和骨密度为肌衰减的危险因素,文化程度、饮酒、BMI、能量摄入量和体力活动为肌衰减的保护因素,且这些影响因素均具有显著性统计学意义(P0.05)。在探讨不同等级体力活动水平与肌衰减关系的研究结果中显示,四级体力活动水平具有非常显著性的统计学意义(P0.05),一级、二级和三级体力活动水平不具有显著性统计学意义。研究结论:DEXA和BCAⅡ两种方法对于肌肉质量的检测具有较好的一致性,因此,这两种技术进行身体肌肉成分的测量时可以直接互换。也就是说,在“体力活动延缓老年人肌衰减的量效关系研究”中可以应用BCAⅡ新型人体成分测试仪对受试者进行肌肉质量的测量。体力活动水平是肌衰减的保护因素,能降低肌衰减的发生风险,且四级体力活动水平具有显著性效果,推荐老年人的日常体力活动量达到四级以上,即每天每小时的活动量达到16MET以上。
[Abstract]:Objective and significance: muscular attenuation is a chronic senile syndrome characterized by reduced muscle mass and decreased muscle strength and functional ability. Muscle attenuation seriously affects the physical and mental health of the elderly and reduces their self-care ability. Increases the risk of falls, disabilities and death among older people. Today, muscle decay has become one of the major public health problems facing most developed countries. With the advent of an ageing population in our country, the number of elderly people with muscle decay will increase dramatically. The medical expenses have brought heavy economic burden to the country and the family. At present, the research on diagnostic criteria, influencing factors and prevention strategies for muscle attenuation is very hot in foreign countries. However, there is a lack of research on this aspect in our country. Related studies have shown that nutrition, drug therapy and physical activity intervention are effective methods and means to delay muscle decay. This study explored the dose-effect relationship between physical activity and muscle attenuation. The research objects and methods: firstly, 204 subjects with the age range of 180-70 years were selected by cluster sampling. Double energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and biological impedance method (BCA 鈪，

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