里约奥运会亚军蔡泽林竞走技术特点及突破点的运动学研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 19:18

本文选题：竞走　切入点：运动学　出处：《首都体育学院学报》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为促进我国男子竞走项目在伦敦世锦赛和东京奥运会上取得更大突破,以里约奥运会男子20km竞走亚军——我国运动员蔡泽林的竞走技术为研究对象,运用专家访谈法和生物力学测试法等对蔡泽林的竞走技术进行运动学分析。认为:蔡泽林步长大、步频低,具有幅度型运动员的技术特征;常速走单步时间比较均衡,高速走右脚时间短;左腿支撑阶段身体上下起伏距离和腾空距离过大;蔡泽林动作结构变化大,常速走先全脚掌着地后大腿重叠,高速走先大腿重叠,后全脚掌着地;蔡泽林存在腾空和转换时间长,前支撑时间和后蹬时间短,转换速度慢,躯干前倾过大的技术问题;高速走后摆大,常速走后摆不足;前摆大小臂夹角偏小;高速走两腿夹角增大,但常速走摆动腿屈曲,导致两腿夹角不足;常速走重叠膝关节角度合理,高速走膝关节角度过小,摆动腿放松不足。着地阶段脚掌着地角过小,造成躯干前倾,身体上下起伏过大,降低技术稳定性。建议训练中加强技术结构稳定性,提高躯干直立水平,加大常速走动作幅度,增大支撑腿着地角,延长前支撑时间,加快转换速度,降低身体起伏距离,减小腾空距离和时间,改进竞走技术。
[Abstract]:In order to promote the men's walking in our country to make a greater breakthrough in the London World Championship and the Tokyo Olympic Games, the research object is the race walking technique of Chinese athlete Cai Zelin, the runner-up of the men's 20km race walking in the Rio Olympics. The kinematics analysis of Cai Zelin's walking technique is carried out by means of expert interview and biomechanical test. It is concluded that Cai Zelin has the characteristics of growing up, low stride frequency and having the technical characteristics of amplitude type athletes, and that the walking time of single step at constant speed is more balanced. The time of high speed walking on right foot is short; the up and down fluctuation distance and empty distance of the left leg are too large; Cai Zelin's movement structure changes greatly, the whole foot first rests on the ground and then the thigh overlaps, the high speed walks first the thigh overlaps, then the whole foot hits the ground; Cai Zelin has some technical problems, such as long time of vacating and converting, short time of front support and backward pedaling, slow speed of conversion, too large front and back swing of trunk, large swinging at high speed, insufficient backswing at constant speed, small angle between forearm and forearm, and so on. The angle between the legs increases at high speed, but the swing leg buckles at constant speed, which results in insufficient angle of the legs; the angle of the knee joint is reasonable when walking at constant speed, the angle of the knee joint is too small when walking at high speed, the swing leg is not relaxed enough, and the angle of landing on the soles of the foot is too small in the landing stage. It is suggested that the technical structure stability should be strengthened during the training, the erect torso level should be raised, the amplitude of constant speed walking should be increased, the landing angle of the supporting legs should be increased, and the time of front support should be prolonged. Speed up the conversion, reduce the body undulating distance, reduce the empty distance and time, and improve the walking technology.
【作者单位】：首都体育学院田径教研室;北京体育大学;西安体育学院;
【基金】：国家体育总局重点领域课题(立项号2014B079);国家体育总局科技攻关与科技服务(立项号2016HT082) 北京市教育委员会:科技创新服务能力建设—科研水平提高定额—体育教育训练学理论与实践研究(科研类)(PXM2017_014206_000017)
【分类号】：G821

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