不同水平的男子马拉松运动员全程速度分配特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 06:07

本文选题：马拉松　切入点：不同水平　出处：《山东师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从1981年我国第一次举办马拉松比赛以后,马拉松项目在国内快速兴起,尤其是城市马拉松更是广受马拉松爱好者的欢迎,同时,大众跑者和业余选手也是诸多马拉松比赛的主要参赛者,但许多大众跑者尤其是初次参赛的选手并不了解该项目,只是凭借自己的知识和经验去参加比赛。为了寻找不同水平尤其是低水平马拉松运动员在马拉松比赛中最合理、有效的速度分配模式,本文采用文献资料法、数理统计法和对比分析法等研究方法,对2015衡水湖国际马拉松赛暨全国马拉松锦标赛中完成比赛的全体男子运动员的比赛成绩进行处理与分析,围绕不同水平的马拉松运动员全程各分段平均速度、速度变化率和变异系数等指标,探讨不同速度分配模式与比赛成绩之间的因果关系,结合运动训练学、运动生理学和马拉松专业理论等相关知识,对不同水平的马拉松参赛选手全程的速度变化规律进行总结和分析,研究他们在全程各分段的速度变化特征,探讨其速度分配模式,找到适合不同水平尤其是大众水平马拉松运动员的速度分配方式,同时根据其速度变化特征,对我国大众马拉松运动员的训练及比赛提出合理化建议,有利于提高我国马拉松赛事的质量和参赛选手的水平,为众多马拉松赛事参赛运动员的训练计划、参赛方案提供参考。研究表明,匀速跑更适合这种超长距离的项目,业余运动员往往在比赛开始阶段分配较多体力,所以开始阶段速度较快,可这种状况不会持续很长时间,随着体能能量物质的消耗,业余运动员速度快速下降,并且速度下降幅度大,短时间大幅度变速运动使体内堆积大量乳酸,从而影响自身水平的发挥,同时,由于开始消耗了大量体能,导致后半程体力不足,进一步导致了比赛后半程速度无法达到全程平均速度,浪费了大量时间,不利于参赛选手取得较好的比赛成绩。所以,参照专业运动员的完赛方式和速度分配,在比赛过程中加强对速度的控制,尽量减小速度波动,保持全程速度相对平稳,是取得理想比赛成绩的关键。
[Abstract]:Since the first marathon was held in China in 1981, the marathon project has sprung up rapidly in China, especially the city marathon, which has been widely welcomed by marathon enthusiasts. At the same time, Mass runners and amateurs are also major runners in many marathons, but many popular runners, especially first-time runners, don't know the event. In order to find the most reasonable and effective speed distribution mode for the marathon runners at different levels, especially the low level marathon runners, this paper adopts the literature method. By means of mathematical statistics and comparative analysis, this paper deals with and analyzes the results of all male athletes who completed the 2015 Hengshui Lake International Marathon and National Marathon Championships. In this paper, the causal relationship between different speed distribution modes and race results is discussed according to the average speed, rate of change and coefficient of variation of marathon runners at different levels, and combined with the theory of sports training. This paper summarizes and analyzes the law of speed change of marathon runners at different levels, studies their characteristics of speed change in different stages of the course, and probes into their speed distribution mode. To find out the speed distribution method suitable for different levels of marathon athletes, especially the mass level marathon athletes, and at the same time, according to the characteristics of the speed change, to put forward some reasonable suggestions for the training and competition of the mass marathon athletes in our country. It is beneficial to improve the quality of Chinese marathon and the level of contestants, and to provide reference for the training plans and schemes of many marathon runners. The research shows that uniform running is more suitable for this kind of ultra long distance events. Amateur athletes tend to allocate more physical strength at the beginning of the game, so the start stage is faster, but this situation won't last for a long time. With the consumption of physical energy and material, the speed of the amateur athletes drops rapidly. And the speed drop is big, the short time big change speed movement causes the body to accumulate a large amount of lactic acid, thus affects the own level play, at the same time, because began to consume a lot of physical strength, causes the second half physical strength to be insufficient, This further leads to the inability of the second half of the race to reach the full average speed, which wastes a lot of time and is not conducive to the contestants getting better results. Therefore, referring to the way and speed of the professional athletes to finish the race, It is the key to achieve the ideal result to strengthen the control of the speed in the course of the competition, reduce the fluctuation of the speed as far as possible, and keep the whole speed relatively stable.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G822.8

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