中国等级健身指导员培训模式的现状与发展对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 21:22

本文选题：健身指导员　切入点：培训模式　出处：《山西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现在已经有越来越多的人加入到健身锻炼行列中,不同年龄段的人锻炼方式不一：青少年儿童的体育课,成年人倾向于健身俱乐部,老年人的广场舞。现在,体育健身已经成为了一种目的性比较强的并且具有组织性地活动。对于成年人的健美体型、老年人增强体质、延缓衰老。相比较于竞技体育夺取比赛成绩、取得好名次以及实现个人功利的目的,健身体育则是以增强体质和健康水平、提高生活质量、谋求身心愉悦、延年益寿、提高劳动和工作的效率为主要目的。顺应人们迫切的健身需求,健身俱乐部也迅速的发展起来,逐步从萌芽、探索阶段向专业化、产业化和市场化方向发展。在健身俱乐部进行锻炼和接受科学系统的健身指导已经成为当前人们的主流健身方式。健身指导员在健身俱乐部起着重要的作用,是消费者的指导者,更是主要依赖对象,作为俱乐部中心骨干队伍,是推动健身市场发展的关键。因此,他们的发展状况引来了很多人的关注。因此,健身指导员的发展状况引来了很多人的关注。本文通过运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、参与式观察法、数据采集分析对2000年到2013年参加中国健美协会举办的中国等级健身指导员培训的人员进行调查分析。结果表明：(1)中国健身俱乐部发展较早并在建立俱乐部的同时增加了健身教练员的培训,并且通过市场化的运行取得了一定成效,吸纳了大批学员。但从整体上看：各级教练占比失衡,一级教练指导员所占比例最多；从教练性别结构上看：男性学员所占比例过大。性别和等级的结构差异及不合理导致等级健身指导员的培训和发展受到一定的客观性限制。(2)在健身俱乐部中,员工流动量大,随着年轻人的加入,俱乐部专兼职的健身指导员的年龄都较小、年轻健身指导员尤其是男性年轻指导员占据指导员队伍的主流。指导员性别比例和健身学员性别比例开始出现不协调,这种不协调在一些大城市中尤为明显。在传统呢观念和心里因素的双重影响下,指导员性别问题已成为发展等级健身指导的必须解决因素。(3)虽然在健身俱乐部工作的员工年龄都趋于年轻化,但是参加健身指导员培训的学员文化水平呈现逐年上升趋势。根据调查结果显示,大部分参加培训大专、本科学历的学员具占比例较大,健身指导员专业化和高水平化趋势逐步显现。(4)健身指导员职业化问题突出。兼职指导员在一定程度上极大缓解了俱乐部人力资源的紧张,但同时也对健身指导质量和受众人数形成负影响。兼职指导员缺乏精力、耐心,指导不专业等问题成为俱乐部投诉的主要内容。由此得出：建立职业化的健身指导员队伍刻不容缓。建立健身指导员资格标准、定期进行专业技能的培训和考核,及时调整专兼职指导员的代课比例,应当成为下一阶段发展的主要内容之一。(5)健身指导理论水平和实际操作水平存在差异。虽然健身指导员的文化水平和学历逐年上升,但缺乏在实际中的指导,导致高校毕业生在进行健身指导时无法有效的将理论知识和实际健身指导结合,导致民众对健身指导员的认知度不高,在一定程度上阻碍了健身指导员的职业化发展和高校毕业生参加健身指导员的积极性。(6)职业执教时间普遍少于3年。执教时间普遍偏低使的指导员队伍无法积累丰富的指导经验,而进一步使指导员职业化发展受阻。主要与等级健身指导员队伍年轻化以及相关部门和健身俱乐部对其的管理和扶持意识较弱有关。(7)先培训后从业和先从业后培训现象同时存在,并且先从业后培训占绝大多数。先从业后培训的现象造成大多数从业指导员缺乏必要的实践知识和实践经验,并且后期培训无法保证培训质量和次数,从而使指导员队伍在后期的发展上无法及时获得知识补充和技能更新,阻碍了健身指导员队伍的健康发展。(8)巡场指导员的工资普遍较低。低工资必然导致低积极性,低积极性可能导致健身指导员在学习期间的学习质量和他们在健身行业工作的稳定性遭到破坏。(9)不同项目的健身指导员指导水平和受欢迎程度而不同。优秀的专职私人教练员周课时数多,指导工作时间较长,所授项目较受欢迎。而年轻、缺乏经验的指导员由于各方面的原因,受欢迎程度较低,同时授课积极性也较低。(10)兼职指导员在多家俱乐部同时授课现象严重,且并未签订劳动合同。缺乏精力、时间、法律等方面的保障导致指导员在继续教育方面没有明确的时间点和发展规划。从而严重影响了指导员队伍的发展。应加强对指导员客串代课和兼职代课的管理力度,建立符合规定的制度体系。
[Abstract]:There are now more and more people join the ranks of fitness exercise, people of different ages in different ways: training young children physical education, adults tend to fitness club, the elderly square dance. Now, sports fitness has become a kind of purpose is strong and has organized activities for. Elderly adults bodybuilding, enhance physical fitness, anti-aging. Compared to the competitive sports win the competition results, to get good rankings and achieve personal utilitarian purpose, fitness sports is to enhance physical fitness and health level, improve the quality of life, physical and mental pleasure seeking, prolong life, improve the efficiency of labor and work conform to the people as the main purpose. The urgent demand for physical fitness and fitness club also developed rapidly, gradually from the bud stage to explore, specialization, industrialization and the direction of the market. In the fitness club The music department training and scientific system of fitness instruction has become one of the mainstream fitness. Fitness instructor plays an important role in the fitness club, is a consumer guide, it is mainly dependent on the object, as the club center backbone team, is to promote the key fitness market development. Therefore, the status of their development attracted many people's attention. Therefore, the development of fitness instructors attracted a lot of people's attention. In this paper, by using the method of literature, questionnaire, expert interviews, participant observation, data collection and analysis in China grade fitness instructor training Chinese Bodybuilding Association on 2000 2013 to personnel to carry out investigation and analysis. The results showed that: (1) the development of China fitness club earlier and in the establishment of the club while increasing the fitness training coaches, and through the market The operation has achieved some success, to attract a large number of students. But on the whole: the coach proportion imbalance, an instructor instructor accounted for the largest proportion; from the point of view: the gender structure of coach male students proportion is too large. Differences in gender and grade structure and unreasonable guide training and development by grade fitness instructor is limited. The objectivity (2) in the health club, high employee turnover, with young people to join, part-time club fitness instructor's age are small, young fitnessinstructor especially young men refers to the mainstream guide member instructors. Instructors occupy the sex ratio and sex ratio of students to fitness there is not harmonious, the disharmony is particularly obvious in some big city. In the dual influence of traditional ideas and do heart factors, instructor gender issues has become the development level of fitness The guide must be solved. (3) although the work in the fitness club staff are becoming younger, but in the cultural level of students fitness instructor training increased year by year. According to the survey, most of the participating training college, undergraduate students have accounted for a large proportion of professional fitness instructor and a high level of the trend of gradually. (4) problems. The fitness instructor occupation part-time instructors in a certain extent, greatly easing the club human resource shortage, but also on the quality and fitness guide the audience formed a negative influence. Part-time instructors lack of energy, patience, without the guidance of professional issues become the main content of the club. The resulting complaints Occupation: to establish the fitness instructor team immediately. Establish fitness instructor qualification standards, regular professional skills training and assessment, A proportion of part-time instructors timely adjustment, should become one of the main parts of the next stage of development. (5) there are fitness guidance theoretical level and practical level differences. Although the fitness instructor's cultural level and education increased year by year, but the lack of practical guidance to college graduates in fitness guidance can not be effective the theoretical knowledge and practical fitness guidance combined, leading to public awareness of fitness instructor's enthusiasm is not high, to some extent hindered the development of fitness instructor occupation and college graduates to participate in fitness instructor. (6) occupation coach time is generally less than 3 years. Time is generally low the instructors cannot accumulate rich the guidance of experience, and further development is blocked. The main occupation instructor and grade fitness instructor team of young and related departments and health The club's management and support consciousness is weak. (7) after the first training after the first training of practitioners and practitioners of phenomena also exists, and the majority of employees after the first training. After training the first working phenomenon caused by the majority of practitioners instructors lack the necessary practical knowledge and practical experience, and to ensure the quality of training and post training the number, so that the instructors at the later stages of development can not be timely access to knowledge and skill renewal, hindered the healthy development of fitness instructor team. (8) the field instructor generally low wages. Low wages will lead to low enthusiasm, low enthusiasm may lead to fitness instructor in the study period, the quality of learning and they work in the fitness industry stability is destroyed. (9) different items of fitness instructor guidance level and popularity. Excellent full-time private coaches week When the number of guide, work for a long time, granted more popular items. While young, inexperienced instructors due to various reasons, the popularity is low, while the teaching enthusiasm is low. (10) in many clubs and part-time instructors teaching seriously, and lack of energy have not signed a labor contract. That time, legal and other aspects of the protection of lead instructors in the continuing education has no specific time point and development planning. It seriously affected the development of instructors. Instructors should strengthen to the guest and substitute part-time substitute management, establish a system of rules.

【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G812

【参考文献】