太原市初中生体力活动水平及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 18:06

本文选题：体力活动水平　切入点：能量消耗　出处：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“体力活动”作为人类一种最自然和基本的生存状态,使得人们在长期进化过程中达到了能量摄入与消耗持续而高效的平衡。但是随着自动化、信息化时代的到来,体力活动在人们的生产、生活中渐行渐远。从1979年起,我国就开始每五年一次组织学生体质监测工作,然而每次的调查结果指出,学生的身高、体重等形态指标不断增长,但耐力、柔韧性、爆发力等身体素质指标却呈现出持续下降的趋势,尤其是青少年的肥胖率、近视率和肺活量等素质指标始终处于不合格的边缘。青少年体质健康状况下滑是多种因素在长时间内共同作用的结果,但在这些因素中,缺乏体力活动是被国内外普遍认可的、导致青少年体质下降的主要原因。要想提高学生的体质健康水平,必须从提高其体力活动水平入手。本研究通过调查太原市初中生的体力活动水平和静态行为,基于社会生态学的视角了解太原市初中生体力活动水平的主要影响因素,力图经过调查分析,为提高学生的体力活动水平,增强学生体质提供理论依据。本研究按照分层整群抽样的原则抽取了太原市七所学校的初一、初二、初三共650名学生参与调查,发放的问卷共包括两份:一份是经过上海体育学院李海燕学者改良修订并重新通过信效度检验的儿童日常体力活动调查问卷,另一份是学生感知体力活动影响因素量表。研究发现:1.在体力活动时间方面,太原市大部分初中生都可以保证每天参加至少一个小时的中等强度体力活动,但其高强度体力活动时间明显不足,且男女生的体力活动时间不存在显著差异。2.在体力活动能量消耗方面,初一学生休息日的体力活动能量消耗量最多,初三学生工作日的体力活动能量消耗最少,初二学生平均每日体力活动能量消耗量最高,且男女生间的能量消耗的差值最大。3.在体力活动项目选择方面,男生最常参加的运动前三名为:跑步、篮球和体操,女生最常参加的运动前三名为:跑步、跳绳和羽毛球。手球和游泳参与人数最少。4.太原市初中生存在严重的静态生活行为,其静态生活时间高于全国中小学生的平均水平,其静态生活时间随着年级的升高而不断增加。5.体力活动的影响因素主要包括父母同伴作用、场地器材因素、个人体育参与态度、自我运动效能因素、学校组织因素、体育老师因素和班主任因素。
[Abstract]:As one of the most natural and basic living conditions of human beings, "physical activity" enables people to achieve a sustained and efficient balance between energy intake and consumption in the long evolutionary process. However, with the advent of automation and information age, Physical activity is getting farther and further in people's production and life. Since 1979, our country has been organizing students' physique monitoring every five years. However, the results of each survey show that students' height, weight, and other morphological indicators are constantly increasing. But physical fitness indicators, such as stamina, flexibility, explosive power, and so on, have shown a declining trend, especially the obesity rate among adolescents. Diathesis indicators such as myopia rate and vital capacity are always on the verge of being unqualified. The decline in physical health of adolescents is the result of many factors acting together over a long period of time, but among these factors, the lack of physical activity is generally recognized at home and abroad. In order to improve students' physical health, we must start with improving their physical activity level. This study investigated the level of physical activity and static behavior of junior high school students in Taiyuan. Based on the perspective of social ecology to understand the main factors affecting the level of physical activity of junior high school students in Taiyuan, trying to improve the level of physical activity of students through investigation and analysis. According to the principle of stratified cluster sampling, 650 students were selected from seven schools in Taiyuan to participate in the investigation. Two questionnaires were sent out: one was a questionnaire on daily physical activity of children, which was revised by Li Haiyan scholars of Shanghai Institute of physical Education and re-passed the reliability and validity test. The other is the scale of factors affecting students' perceived physical activity. The study found that at least one hour of moderate physical activity per day was guaranteed for the majority of junior high school students in Taiyuan in terms of physical activity time. However, the time of high-intensity physical activity is obviously insufficient, and there is no significant difference between male and female students in the time of physical activity. 2. In terms of energy consumption of physical activity, the energy consumption of physical activity is the highest in the rest day of junior high school students. The energy consumption of physical activity of junior high school students is the least on weekdays. The average daily energy consumption of physical activity is the highest among the second grade students, and the difference of energy consumption between male and female students is the largest. 3. In the aspect of selection of physical activity items, The top three most common sports for boys are running, basketball and gymnastics, and the top three for girls are running, rope skipping and badminton, handball and swimming are the least. 4. Taiyuan junior high school students have serious static life behavior. Its static life time is higher than the average level of primary and middle school students in China, and its static life time increases continuously with the increase of grade. 5. The influencing factors of physical activity mainly include parental peer role, site and equipment factors, personal sports participation attitude, etc. Self-exercise efficacy factor, school organization factor, PE teacher factor and class teacher factor.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.49

【相似文献】