某高校棒球队运动员运动损伤的调查分析

发布时间：2018-03-28 07:14

本文选题：棒球　切入点：运动损伤　出处：《首都体育学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：棒球运动属技能主导类攻守轮换同场对抗性项目，要求参与者具备力量、耐力、灵敏、速度、技巧等多方面的综合素质，对运动员的体能，技、战术能力，运动智能以及心理能力都有着较高的要求。目前，在我国由在校大学生组成的高校棒球队迅速发展起来，范围也在相继扩大，学生对于棒球运动的热情也越来越高。但是，随之而来的是大学生棒球运动员在日常的训练以及比赛中出现的运动损伤也急剧增多，运动损伤的发生将会破坏运动训练的系统性，影响训练效果和比赛成绩的提高，，给运动员带来生理和心理上的巨大压力。在训练、比赛中，如何避免和减少运动损伤的发生已成为运动员能否取得优异成绩的关键所在。本文通过对山西大学商务学院棒球队(山西省棒球队)的运动员进行调查研究，通过调查问卷、实地考察以及文献资料、调查访问和数理统计的研究方法，对学生在棒球运动过程中出现的运动损伤的人数、种类、原因进行了综合研究。在此基础上提出相关建议，以最大限度减少该校棒球运动员在棒球运动过程中出现的运动损伤。以该校的60名棒球运动员以及3名棒球队的教练员为调查对象，通过对63份调查问卷的整合与分析，得出如下研究结论：1、棒球运动中，运动员的损伤发生率较高，达90%；且损伤多发生在训练时期；2、棒球运动的损伤多为急性损伤，部位主要集中在肩部、肘部、腰部和膝部；3、其中，肩部损伤以三角肌损伤最多，占肩部损伤的69.39%。4、出现的肘部损伤中，多发生在肘关节内侧，占肘部损伤的50%。5、棒球运动损伤的种类主要有5种，为肌肉拉伤、运动性疲劳损伤、擦伤和挫伤、关节韧带损伤、骨折；6、运动损伤的发生有多种原因，主观因素主要有：动作技术存在缺点或错误，准备活动不充分以及旧伤未愈，摔倒着地，被球或球棒击伤等；客观因素主要有：局部训练负荷过重，训练量偏大，场地、器材及保护不合理以及气候不良等因素；7、运动员在损伤后主要采用停止运动、休息和去医务室或医院治疗的处理方法；8、专项训练时技术的错误是导致棒球运动员发生运动损伤的主要训练因素。基于以上结论提出了预防大学生棒球运动员运动损伤的建议：加强相关理论知识的学习，增强自我防伤意识；认真做好教练员安排的准备活动；认真学习棒球动作技术要点，及时纠正调整错误动作；及时调整训练内容，提高棒球训练的科学化；采取合理的防范措施,建立健全队医的跟踪监督机制。
[Abstract]:Baseball is a skill-leading type of attack and defense rotation in the same field adversarial events, requires participants to have strength, endurance, agility, speed, skills and other aspects of the comprehensive quality, to athletes' physical, technical, tactical ability, Sports intelligence and psychological ability have higher requirements. At present, the college baseball team composed of college students has developed rapidly in our country, and the scope has been expanded one after another, and students' enthusiasm for baseball has also become more and more high. Subsequently, the college baseball players in the daily training and sports injuries in the game also increased sharply, the occurrence of sports injuries will destroy the system of sports training, affect the training effect and improve the results of the game. In training and competition, how to avoid and reduce the occurrence of sports injuries has become the key to the athletes to achieve excellent results. Through the investigation and research on the players of the baseball team of Shanxi University School of Business (Shanxi baseball team), through the questionnaire, the field investigation and the literature, the research method of the investigation interview and mathematical statistics, This paper makes a comprehensive study on the number, types and causes of sports injuries of students in baseball, and puts forward some suggestions to minimize the sports injuries of baseball players in this school. Taking 60 baseball players and 3 baseball coaches of the school as the objects of investigation, through the integration and analysis of 63 questionnaires, the following conclusions are drawn: 1: 1, the injury rate of the players in baseball is relatively high. Most of the injuries occurred during the training period, and most of the injuries in baseball were acute injuries, which were mainly concentrated on the shoulders, elbows, waist and knees. Among them, the injuries of the shoulder were mostly caused by the deltoid muscle. 69.39.4 of the shoulder injuries, most of the elbow injuries occurred in the medial side of the elbow joint, accounting for 50% of the elbow injuries. There are five kinds of baseball sports injuries, including muscle strain, exercise fatigue injury, bruising and contusion, and joint ligament injury. There are many reasons for sports injury, such as shortcomings or mistakes in action technique, inadequate preparation and old injury, falling to the ground, being hit by ball or bat, etc. The objective factors are as follows: the local training load is excessive, the amount of training is too large, the venue, equipment and protection are unreasonable, and the weather is not good. The treatment of rest and going to the infirmary or hospital. The technical mistakes in special training are the main training factors leading to the sports injury of baseball players. Based on the above conclusions, some suggestions are put forward to prevent college baseball players' sports injuries: to strengthen the study of relevant theoretical knowledge, to enhance their awareness of self-injury prevention, to do a good job in preparing activities arranged by coaches, and to learn the key points of baseball action techniques. Correct and adjust the wrong action in time, adjust the training content in time, improve the scientific training of baseball, take reasonable preventive measures, establish and improve the tracking and supervising mechanism of team doctors.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G848.1;R873

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