足球守门员防守点球中知觉预测的眼动及ERP特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 20:51

本文选题：足球守门员　切入点：点球　出处：《山东体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在足球运动中,罚点球往往决定着比赛的输赢,足球守门员为了成功的防守每一个点球,赢得比赛的胜利,首先需要准确预测到罚球队员的点球方向,再做出之后的行为动作决策。根据足球点球过程时间短、球速快的特点,要求足球守门员在作出动作决策之前,能够视觉搜素到关键信息或者先行信息。目前,对优秀运动员防守点球过程中,视觉搜索上存在的具体差异和信息加工过程中电生理方面的研究较少且研究观点尚未统一。本研究以运动专家认知优势的后天经验说为理论指导,以信息加工理论为理论依据,采用专家-新手范式,以时间阻断下视频刺激的方式,本研究以7名具有国家二级足球守门员的水平的运动员为专家组;以10名从未接触过但了解足球守门的理论知识的在校大学生为新手组,借助眼动与事件相关电位同步技术,对防守点球过程中眼动特征和ERP特征进行探究,尝试探索专家守门员防守点球时线路预判过程的信息加工特征。进一步丰富运动知觉预测理论,为足球守门员的科学训练提供科学的依据。通过对的实验结果分析得出以下主要结论:1)在防守点球过程中,优秀的足球守门员在对不同时间阻断下的刺激时,行为特征上能够做到快速而准确的预测,体现了专家优势特征。2)在防守点球过程中,优秀足球守门员注视罚球队员的头、支撑腿和摆动腿,且具有简洁、经济的扫描路径,具有高效准确地搜索关键信息的优势。3)在防守点球过程中,P1和P300成分反映了足球守门员的视觉的信息加工过程。4)优秀运动员在防守点球过程中,早期消耗使用心理资源多,较多的时间用在进行比较和判断上,进而保证了预测的准确性,提高了认知加工能力。
[Abstract]:In football, penalty usually determines the winning or losing of the game. In order to defend every penalty successfully and win the victory, the football goalkeeper needs to accurately predict the penalty direction of the penalty player. According to the characteristics of short penalty process and fast ball speed, football goalkeeper is required to be able to search key information or advance information visually before making action decision. In the course of defending a penalty kick to an outstanding player, The specific differences in visual search and the research on electrophysiology in the process of information processing are few and not unified. This study is guided by the theory of the acquired experience of sports experts' cognitive advantage, and is based on the theory of information processing. Using the expert-novice paradigm to block the video stimulation in time, this study used 7 athletes with the level of national second-level football goalkeeper as the expert group. Taking 10 college students who had never been exposed to the theoretical knowledge of goal keeping in football as the novice group, eye movement and ERP characteristics in the process of defending penalty kicks were investigated by means of eye movement and event-related potential synchronization technology. This paper attempts to explore the characteristics of information processing in the course of line prediction when the expert goalkeeper defends the penalty kick, and further enriches the theory of motion perception prediction. To provide scientific basis for the scientific training of football goalkeeper. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the following main conclusions are drawn: 1) in the process of defending penalty kicks, the excellent football goalkeeper stimulates at different times, In the course of defending penalty kick, excellent football goalkeeper gazes at the head of penalty kick, supports leg and swinging leg, and has a simple and economical scanning path. It has the advantage of searching key information efficiently and accurately. 3) in the process of defending penalty kick, P1 and P300 components reflect the information processing process of the goalkeeper's vision. 4) in the process of defending penalty kick, excellent athletes consume more psychological resources in the early stage. More time is spent comparing and judging, thus ensuring the accuracy of prediction and improving cognitive processing ability.
【学位授予单位】：山东体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G843

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