青少年轻度特发性脊柱侧弯的矫正动作研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 00:37

本文选题：特发性脊柱侧弯不对称性动作椎旁肌凹侧肌力肌电　切入点：　出处：《河北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究从脊柱侧弯康复的非手术疗法入手,运用运动解剖学、运动训练学和运动生物力学原理,对青少年轻度特发性脊柱侧弯患者脊柱矫正的动作进行研究,设计出针对增强脊柱侧弯凹侧椎旁肌的9个不对称性练习动作,运用德国16导Biovision多导运动生物电记录分析系统,采集4名脊柱侧弯患者每次练习中侧弯胸椎段和腰椎段凹凸两侧椎旁肌的肌电活动信号,计算脊柱侧弯凹侧与凸侧的肌电积分得出凹侧与凸侧的积分肌电振幅比值,并对所得的数据进行数理分析,得出矫正脊柱侧弯的有效动作,为脊柱侧弯的康复治疗和今后的预防研究提供参考。研究结果:1、不对称动作练习采用不对称性站姿、不对称负重能够增加脊柱侧弯凹侧椎旁肌的肌电振幅。2、进行不对称运动时,凹侧腿高位站姿哑铃肩上推举、单侧负重俯卧背起和凹侧肘支撑练习能够增强脊柱侧弯凹侧椎旁肌的肌电活动。3、对于侧弯的胸椎段,背起练习和半蹲式杠铃划船练习能够增强脊柱凹侧肌电振幅,而不对称跪姿单侧直臂负重上抬对增加凹侧的肌电振幅更有优势。4、对于侧弯的腰椎段,站姿胸前下拉(正握)、凸侧单腿支撑负重直膝撑起练习对增加凹侧的肌电振幅有显著性表现。研究结论:1、依据特发性脊柱侧弯的病理结构,结合不对称负重方式和不对称姿态,设计出用以增强脊柱侧弯凹侧椎旁肌肌力的九种动态练习动作。2、采用凹侧直腿高位站姿哑铃肩上推举、凸侧臂负重俯卧背起、凸侧膝垫高跪姿异侧直臂负重上抬、凹侧膝垫高跪姿前推腹肌轮、凹侧肘支撑五种动作模式练习可同时增强侧弯胸椎段和腰椎段椎旁肌的肌力;采用凸侧直腿高位站姿哑铃肩上推举、半蹲式凸侧负重杠铃划船、凸侧腿屈膝高位站姿胸前上提、凹侧膝垫高跪姿同侧直臂负重上抬四个练习模式能够有效增强侧弯胸椎段凹侧椎旁肌的肌力;凹侧腿屈膝高位站姿胸前下拉、凹侧腿屈膝高位站姿胸前上提、凸侧腿支撑负重直膝撑起、凸侧膝垫高跪姿前推腹肌轮四个模式练习能够有效增强侧弯腰椎段凹侧椎旁肌的肌力。3、长期坚持以增强脊柱侧弯凹侧椎旁肌肌力为目的的动作练习,可以有效矫正青少年轻度特发性脊柱侧弯。
[Abstract]:This study began with the non-operative therapy of scoliosis rehabilitation, and applied the principles of sports anatomy, exercise training and exercise biomechanics to study the action of correction of the spine of young patients with mild idiopathic scoliosis. Nine asymmetrical exercises aimed at enhancing the paravertebral muscles in the concave side of scoliosis were designed and analyzed by using the 16-lead Biovision multichannel movement bioelectric recording and analysis system in Germany. The electromyoelectric activity signals of the paravertebral muscles in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae were collected from 4 patients with scoliosis in each exercise, and the integral EMG amplitude ratio of concave side and convex side was calculated by calculating the EMG integral of concave side and convex side of scoliosis. Through the mathematical analysis of the obtained data, the effective action of correcting scoliosis is obtained, which provides a reference for the rehabilitation treatment of scoliosis and the future study of prevention. Asymmetric load can increase the amplitude of myoelectric amplitude of the paravertebral muscle of the concave side of the spine. During asymmetric exercise, the dumbbell in the high position of the concave leg is recommended on the shoulder. Unilateral loading prone back and concave elbow support exercises can enhance the myoelectric activity of the paravertebral muscles of the concave side of the scoliosis. For the thoracic segment of the lateral curvature, the back exercises and the half-squat barbell rowing exercises can enhance the amplitude of the muscle electrical activity in the concave side of the spine. On the other hand, asymmetrical straight arm lifting on one side of straight arm has more advantages to increase the amplitude of myoelectric amplitude in concave side. 4, for lumbar vertebrae with lateral bending, Standing posture pull-down (positive grip, protruding one-legged weight bearing straight knee brace) has significant effect on increasing myoelectric amplitude of concave side. Conclusion: 1, according to the pathological structure of idiopathic scoliosis, combined with asymmetric load mode and asymmetrical posture, Nine kinds of dynamic exercises were designed to enhance the paravertebral muscle strength of the concave side of the spine. The concave knee pad pushes forward the abdominal muscle wheel in the kneeling position, the concave elbow supports five kinds of action modes to exercise, can simultaneously enhance the muscle strength of the paravertebral muscle of the thoracic vertebra segment and the lumbar vertebrae segment at the same time, adopt the protruding side straight leg high position standing dumbbell to push on the shoulder, the half squat knuckles side load barbell row, The four exercise modes of protruding knee bending high standing posture, concave knee pad kneeling and the same side straight arm loading up can effectively enhance the muscle strength of the concave paravertebral muscle in the lateral bending thoracic vertebra segment, and the concave leg bend the knee high position standing posture and pull down in front of the chest. The concave leg bends the knee and stands on the chest in a high position, and the convex leg supports the weight bearing and the straight knee support. The four modes of protruding abdominal muscle wheel with high kneeling posture can effectively enhance the muscle strength of the paravertebral muscle in the concave side of the lumbar vertebrae, and persist in the long term action exercise aimed at enhancing the muscle strength of the paravertebral muscle in the concave side of the scoliosis. It can effectively correct mild idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G804.2

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