系统脱敏法对普通大学生初学游泳效果的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 13:08

本文选题：普通大学生　切入点：游泳初学　出处：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：游泳是一项适合各类人群进行体育锻炼的运动项目;据现有史料考证,游泳在古时候产生于居住在江、河、湖、海一带的古代人。他们为了生存,通过模仿水鸟、鱼、蛙类的动作逐渐学会了游泳技能,并在水中捕猎鱼、水鸟等作为食物来维持生活。随着时代的发展,游泳运动也在不断的发展和变化;在现代,游泳被分为“实用游泳”和“竞技游泳”。游泳作为一项适合各年龄段人群参与的运动项目,被越来越多的人更深刻的认识和喜爱;越来越多的普通高校在公共体育课中,为学生开设了游泳课。在高校学生游泳初学者中,运动伤害和对水中陌生环境的恐惧时有发生,出现这种心理层面的问题,我们应该运用心理学知识,采用系统脱敏疗法,循环原理,合理设计治疗、训练过程,逐级完成治疗。这种方法主要通过使游泳初学者将自己怕水的心理状况暴露出来,并且通过主动面对压力来源,逐渐放松状态对来对抗对水的恐惧心理。系统脱敏疗法主要是通过诱导求治者缓慢地暴露在神经质的焦虑和恐惧的情况,并通过放松的状态来对抗焦虑心理,从而消除焦虑或恐惧。它是针对治疗原则是对抗条件反射,在引发焦虑的刺激物出现的同时让病人做出抑制焦虑的反应,这种反应可以虚弱、直至最终切断刺激物与焦虑的条件联系。研究者通过引用系统脱敏法,设计出“下沉”法和“跳水”法,由简单到困难,让学生积极主动的面对怕水心理,利用脱敏教学法进行学习和训练,并逐步帮助学生去适应对水的恐惧心理,直至学会游泳技能。为证明系统脱敏法的有效性,研究者抽取云南师范大学公共体育课游泳课中的不会游泳的74名学生参加本次实验教学;将74名学生分为实验组和对照组,每组各37人;实验组在教学过程当中加入系统脱敏法进行教学,对照组则按照常规教学法进行教学;研究者在实验前期、中期、后期分别向两个组的学生做出问卷调查,并做出统计学分析,对比两个组的学生的心理变化差异。并在教学结束后分别对两个组的学生进行蛙泳水平测试,检测实验组学生成绩是否优于对照组。系统脱敏教学法实验后,研究结果显示,实验组学生在游泳技术、游进距离、怕水心理的变化以及对教学方法的满意度等指标都优于对照组。
[Abstract]:Swimming is a sport suitable for all kinds of people to do physical exercise. According to the existing historical data, swimming originated in ancient people living in rivers, rivers, lakes and seas in ancient times.In order to survive, they gradually learned swimming skills by mimicking the movements of water birds, fish and frogs, and hunting fish and water birds for food in the water.With the development of the times, swimming is constantly developing and changing. In modern times, swimming is divided into "practical swimming" and "competitive swimming".Swimming, as a sport suitable for people of all ages, is deeply understood and loved by more and more people, and more and more colleges and universities offer swimming lessons for students in public physical education.Among college students swimming beginners, sports injuries and fear of strange environment in water occur from time to time. This psychological problem should be applied to psychological knowledge, systemic desensitization therapy, circulation principle, and rational design of treatment.Training process, the treatment is completed step by step.This method is mainly by making the swimming beginners expose their psychological condition of fear of water, and by taking the initiative to face the source of pressure, gradually relaxing the state of mind to resist the fear of water.Systemic desensitization therapy is mainly by inducing the person seeking treatment to slowly expose to the situation of neurotic anxiety and fear, and to counteract anxiety psychology by relaxing state, thereby eliminating anxiety or fear.It is aimed at the treatment principle is to fight the conditioned reflex, to cause anxiety stimuli to appear at the same time to let the patient make a response to suppress anxiety, this kind of reaction can be weak, until finally cut off the stimulus and anxiety condition connection.By quoting the system desensitization method, the researcher designs the "sinking" method and "diving" method, from simple to difficult, so that students can actively face the fear of water, and use desensitization teaching method to study and train.And gradually help students adapt to the fear of water until they learn swimming skills.In order to prove the effectiveness of the system desensitization method, 74 students who can not swim in the public physical education course of Yunnan normal University were selected to participate in the experiment teaching, and 74 students were divided into experimental group and control group, 37 students in each group.In the experimental group, the system desensitization method was added in the teaching process, while the control group was taught according to the conventional teaching method; the researcher made a questionnaire survey to the students of the two groups in the early, middle and later stages of the experiment, and made statistical analysis.The psychological changes of the two groups were compared.At the end of teaching, the breaststroke level of the two groups was tested, and the results of the experimental group were compared with that of the control group.After the experiment of systematic desensitization teaching method, the results showed that the experimental group students were superior to the control group in swimming technique, swimming distance, the change of fear of water psychology and the satisfaction of teaching method.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1-4

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