优秀男子赛艇运动员水上和测功仪拉桨中肌肉活动特征的比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 05:16

本文选题：赛艇 + 测功仪　；参考：《中国体育科技》2017年04期

【摘要】：运用表面肌电测试和同步摄像方法,结合功能解剖学知识,对优秀男子单人双桨赛艇运动员水上与测功仪2 000 m测试中主要肌肉的活动特征进行研究,分析其内在规律和机理并比较两者之间肌肉活动的差异。结果显示:1)水上和测功仪拉桨中主要做功肌肉激活时序存在差异,水上拉桨时大部分做功肌肉的激活时间存在不同程度的提前,而躯干竖脊肌激活时间有所延迟。2)水上和测功仪拉桨中主要做功肌肉活动的峰值时序一致,与测功仪相比,水上拉桨阶段主要做功肌肉峰值时值均提前,推桨阶段的做功肌肉峰值时值有所延后;水上拉桨开始阶段的蹬腿、躯干倒体环节的做功肌肉从激活到峰值的用时和持续时间比例均减少,而拉桨后段以及推桨阶段大部分做功肌肉从激活到峰值的用时和持续时间比例均增加。3)水上和测功仪拉桨中,主要做功肌肉的放电量和贡献率等存在不同程度的差异;水上拉桨时背部肌肉的作用更加明显,而测功仪拉桨时躯干和手臂肌肉的作用更加明显,提示两者肌肉活动不一致,协调模式不同。结论:水上和测功仪拉桨的运动模式基本一致,但两者之间肌肉协调模式存在差别,水上拉桨时肌肉用力方式更为复杂,而测功仪训练作为重要的陆上专项模拟训练手段,应更加强调技术的规范性。
[Abstract]:Using the method of surface electromyography and synchronous camera, combined with the knowledge of functional anatomy, the characteristics of the main muscles in the water and dynamometer testing of elite male single and double paddle rowers were studied.Analyze its internal law and mechanism and compare the difference of muscle activity between them.The results show that there is a difference in the time sequence of the activation of the main working muscles between the water and dynamometer oars, and the activation time of most of the working muscles in the water pulling oars is advanced in varying degrees.But the activation time of the vertical spinal muscle of trunk was delayed. 2) the peak time sequence of the main muscle activity in the water and the dynamometer was the same. Compared with the dynamometer, the peak value of the main work muscle in the water pulling stage was earlier than that of the dynamometer.The peak value of the working muscles in the propeller stage was delayed, and the time and duration of the work muscles in the torso inverted body decreased in the beginning stage of the water paddle, and the proportion of the time and duration of the work muscles in the reverse body of the trunk decreased from the activation to the peak value.However, the proportion of time and duration of most of the working muscles increased from activation to peak value in the latter part of the paddle and the propeller stage. 3) there were differences in the discharge amount and contribution rate of the main working muscles in the water and in the dynamometer pull oar.The function of back muscle is more obvious when pulling paddle on water, and the action of trunk and arm muscle is more obvious when the dynamometer pulls oar, which indicates that the muscle activity is not consistent and the coordination mode is different between them.Conclusion: the motion mode of the paddle is basically the same as that of the dynamometer, but there are differences between the two modes of muscle coordination, and the mode of muscle force is more complicated when pulling the paddle on the water, and the training of the dynamometer is an important means of special land simulation training.Greater emphasis should be placed on the normative nature of technology.
【作者单位】：首都体育学院;陕西省水上运动管理中心;
【基金】：北京市教育委员会主管的高校专项科研课题(PXM2009_014206_076951)
【分类号】：G861.4

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