对我国优秀男子马拉松运动员韩刚多年训练安排的研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 02:03

本文选题：马拉松 + 运动员韩刚　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：韩刚是我国优秀的男子马拉松运动员之一,运动生涯中曾四次打破全国纪录,参加了五届全国运动会,在1500米、5000米、10000米、马拉松都取得了优异的成绩,运动寿命达到21年,在我国这样的马拉松运动员还是少有。在我国大部分马拉松运动员在25岁左右就匆匆退役,而国外的马拉松运动员30岁左右还继续参加比赛,并能打破世界纪录达到个人运动生涯的最佳状态,这与运动学专家田麦久关于多年训练过程理论中的运动年限13-24年相符。本文运用个案研究法、文献资料法、专家访谈法、归纳法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法,对我国男子马拉松运动员韩刚多年训练安排进行汇总,结合现代马拉松训练的特点以及训练安排的相关理论,归纳与分析韩刚多年不同阶段训练安排存在的优势与不足,为广大的教练员和运动员的训练安排提供可借鉴的经验和相关的数据与理论支持。研究得出如下结论:1.韩刚多年训练分为四个阶段,基础训练阶段、专项提高阶段、最佳竞技阶段、竞技保持阶段。基础训练阶段注重运动水平全方面的发展,培养吃苦耐劳的精神与顽强拼搏的意志品质,从小培养良好的基础技术动作;专项提高阶段逐渐提高专项能力的训练,比赛的次数逐年增加,着重培养运动员的心理素质和大赛经验;最佳竞技阶段以专项训练为主,明确训练重点,负荷量与强度达到较高水平,注重恢复训练,防止伤病,创造优异的成绩;竞技保持阶段针对运动员身体状况制定训练负荷,保证训练课的质量,保持竞技水平,延长运动寿命。四个阶段缺一不可,紧密相连,保证多年训练的系统性是韩刚多年训练取得优异成绩、延长运动寿命的关键所在。2.韩刚多年训练中最佳竞技阶段和竞技保持阶段大部分的训练都是韩刚自己制定及安排的,古话说:“师父领进门修行在个人”。韩刚把大学里所学的理论知识更好的运用在实践中,科学监控训练,明确身体机能,更加科学的安排训练内容,韩刚能明确每一堂训练课产生训练的效应及最低负荷强度、能够维持大运动量训练的最大平均负荷以及比赛目标速度。可以说理论知识的深造使韩刚成为了我国优秀的马拉松运动员之一。3.韩刚多年训练安排较为合理,训练中采用运动训练学理论多种训练方法,不同阶段训练内容的变化,体现了训练安排的合理性、针对性。根据韩刚多年的比赛结果来看,韩刚训练负荷量不是很大,比赛成绩和名次都非常优异,证明了马拉松运动员的成功不仅取决于完成的训练量,还取决于完成训练的质量。4.韩刚在身体素质训练中,力量训练时间相对较少,协调性和灵敏性的练习也欠缺,下肢力量的缺乏容易导致伤病。这些练习应贯穿整个训练的每一个阶段。
[Abstract]:Han Gang is one of the best men's marathoners in China. He has broken the national record four times in his career and participated in the five National Games. In 1500 meters to 5, 000 meters and 10, 000 meters, all marathons have achieved excellent results, and the life span of the marathon has reached 21 years.Marathon runners like this are rare in our country.Most marathon runners in China retire hastily at the age of 25, while foreign marathoners continue to compete at the age of 30, and can break the world record to reach the best state of their individual sports career.This is consistent with the kinematics expert Tian Maijiu on the theory of years of training process in the exercise years 13-24 years.Using case study, literature, expert interview, induction, logic analysis and mathematical statistics, this paper summarizes the training arrangements of Han Gang, a male marathon runner in China.Combined with the characteristics of modern marathon training and the relevant theories of training arrangement, this paper summarizes and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of Han Gang's training arrangements at different stages for many years.To provide experience and relevant data and theoretical support for the training arrangements of coaches and athletes.The study came to the following conclusion: 1.Han Gang's training for many years is divided into four stages: basic training stage, special improvement stage, best competitive stage and competitive maintenance stage.In the basic training stage, we should pay attention to the development of all aspects of the sports level, cultivate the spirit of hard work and the quality of the will to work hard, train good basic technical movements from an early age, and gradually improve the training of the special ability at the stage of special improvement.The number of competitions increases year by year, with emphasis on training athletes' psychological quality and competition experience, the best competitive stage is dominated by special training, the focus of training is made clear, the load and intensity reach a higher level, and attention is paid to the recovery of training and the prevention of injuries and injuries.In order to ensure the quality of the training class, to maintain the competitive level and prolong the life span of sports, the training load should be made according to the physical condition of the athletes in the competitive maintenance stage.The four stages are indispensable, closely linked, to ensure the systematization of many years of training is Han Gang's many years of training to achieve excellent results, the key to prolong the sports life. 2.Most of Han Gang's training at the best competitive stage and the competitive maintenance stage during his many years of training was made and arranged by Han Gang himself. As the old saying goes, "Master leads in the door and practices in the individual."Han Gang better applies the theoretical knowledge he has learned in the university to practice, scientifically monitoring training, clarifying body functions, and arranging training content more scientifically. Han Gang can make clear the effect and minimum load intensity of each training class.Ability to maintain maximum average load and target speed of large-volume training.It can be said that the further study of theoretical knowledge has made Han Gang one of the best marathon runners in China.Han Gang's training arrangement for many years is more reasonable. In the training, many kinds of training methods are adopted in the training, and the change of training contents in different stages reflects the rationality and pertinence of the training arrangement.According to the results of Han Gang's many years' competition, Han Gang's training load is not very large, and the result and position of the race are very excellent, which proves that the success of marathon athletes depends not only on the amount of training completed, but also on the quality of finished training.In the physical fitness training, Han Gang's strength training time is relatively small, the coordination and sensitivity exercises are also lacking, and the lower extremity strength deficiency can easily lead to injury.These exercises should run through every stage of the training.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G822.8

【参考文献】