基于生态学模型的上海市部分中小学女生休闲时间体力活动现状与影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 04:39

  本文选题：生态学模型 + 女生　； 参考：《上海体育学院》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:为了探究中小学女生一周每天不同强度体力活动(Physical Activity,简称“PA”)现状和分析不同年级、校别和家庭经济社会地位(Social Economic Status,简称“SES”)女生一周休闲时间(Leisure-time,指工作日早晨8点-下午4点以外的所有时间和双休日全天。)中高强度体力活动(Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity,简称“MVPA”)的差异性,再基于生态学模型(Ecological Model,简称“EM”),从个人、家庭(父母)、组织(学校)、环境(社区)、政策五个层面分析中小学女生休闲时间PA的影响因素。研究方法:运用仪器测量法,测量样本一周日常PA,着重分析研究样本“一周休闲时间MVPA”的情况;在前期测量和调查的铺垫下,运用访谈法进一步分析女生休闲PA的影响因素。研究结果:1.上海市部分中小学女生一周平均每天休闲时间MVPA的消耗时间11.15mins。其中,一周工作日休闲时间MVPA为9.64mins/d,双休日的消耗时间13.32mins/d,中小学女生休闲时间周末MVPA消耗超过工作日MVPA消耗时间。不同年级女生一周休闲MVPA活动量差异显著;不同校别、不同SES等级女学生一周休闲MVPA差异不显著。2.个体层面中:态度、动机、性格、情绪和自信心以及自身的运动技能会对其休闲时间PA产生影响。其中,干预作用最显著的是“自身喜好”。3.家庭层面中:父母态度和支持(言语鼓励、主动陪伴和物资支持)对女生休闲时间PA有影响。特别是父母的主动陪伴能增加女生参与活动的兴趣和时间。家庭健身开销和家用器械数量以及使用情况对女生闲暇时间身体活动也有影响,但主要受自身的兴趣和有无时间活动决定。4.组织(学校)层面中:同学态度不干预女生休闲时间PA,主要受同学支持中“言语鼓励”的促进作用较多。体育老师支持能激发女生的活动兴趣。学校体育氛围较好,女生参与积极性高。学校体育设施不影响女生闲暇时间PA。学校体育课新颖能促使女生活动量增多。多数女生课后作业繁多,缺乏时间活动,这一点成为主要阻碍因素。5.环境(社区)层面中:社区内外环境优质、安全性高、生活休闲娱乐配套设施完善、出行便捷且距离公共活动场所较近,对女生休闲时间PA的阻碍作用较小,活动时间较多。6.政策层面中:政策通过学校层面对中小学女生休闲时间PA进行干预,影响是间接的。研究结论:上海市中小学女生一周久坐时间较长,休闲时间MVPA活动量较低。不同学段、不同SES等级女生休闲时间PA无差异;不同年级女生休闲时间PA有差异,高年级PA高于低年级。研究证实中小学女生休闲时间PA受生态学理论模型五大核心层面的具体因素制约。特别是个体层面的自身爱好,家庭层面的父母主动陪伴,组织(学校)层面的同学言语鼓励,环境(社区)层面的社区内外体育设施及通达距离对中小学女生休闲时间PA有重要影响。政策层面通过间接方式影响女生休闲PA。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the current situation of physical activity (PA) and analyze different grades of physical activity among girls in primary and secondary schools.School and Family Economic and Social status Social Economic status ("SES") A girl's weekly leisure time of 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on weekdays and weekendsThe difference of moderate and Vigorous Physical activity ("MVPA") is based on the ecological model, "EM", from the individual.Family (parents), organization (school, environment (community), policy analysis of five levels of primary and secondary school girls leisure time PA factors.Methods: using the instrument measurement method to measure the daily PAA of the sample for one week, to analyze the situation of the sample "one week leisure time MVPA", and to further analyze the influencing factors of female students' leisure PA by the interview method under the foreshadowing of the survey and investigation.The result of the study was: 1.The average daily MVPA consumption time of girls in Shanghai was 11.15 mins.Among them, the MVPA of weekday leisure time is 9.64 mins / d, the consumption time of weekend is 13.32 mins / d, and the MVPA consumption of female students' leisure time is more than that of weekday MVPA.There was significant difference in the amount of leisure MVPA activity among girls in different grades, and there was no significant difference in leisure MVPA among female students of different SES grades in one week. 2.At the individual level: attitude, motivation, personality, emotion and self-confidence, as well as their motor skills, have an impact on their leisure time PA.Among them, the most significant intervention is the "self preference". 3.At the family level: parental attitude and support (verbal encouragement, active companionship and material support) had an impact on girls' leisure time PA.In particular, the initiative of parents can increase girls' interest and time to participate in activities.The expense of family fitness, the quantity of household equipment and the use of the equipment also affect the physical activities of female students in their leisure time, but they are mainly determined by their own interests and whether they have time activities.At the organizational (school) level: students' attitude does not interfere with girls' leisure time PAA, and "speech encouragement" plays a more important role in students' support.The PE teacher supports the girls' interest in the activities.The school sports atmosphere is good, the female participation enthusiasm is high.School sports facilities do not affect girls leisure time PAA.The novelty of physical education in school can increase the activity of girls.Most girls have a lot of homework after school and lack of time and activity, which is the main hindrance factor. 5.In the environmental (community) level: the environment inside and outside the community is high quality, the security is high, the life leisure and entertainment supporting facilities are perfect, the travel is convenient and is close to the public activity place, the hindrance to the female student's leisure time PA is small, the activity time is much. 6.Policy level: the policy interferes with the leisure time PA of primary and middle school girls through school level, the influence is indirect.Conclusion: Shanghai primary and middle school girls have longer sitting time and lower MVPA activity in leisure time.There was no difference in the leisure time PA among the girls in different SES grades, but there was difference in the leisure time PA among the girls in different grades, and the PA in the higher grade was higher than that in the lower grade.The study confirmed that the leisure time PA of girls in primary and middle schools is restricted by the five core factors of ecological theory model.Especially at the individual level of self-interest, at the family level of parents active company, organizational (school) level of students' verbal encouragement,The environment (community) level sports facilities and distance of access have an important impact on the leisure time PA of girls in primary and secondary schools.The policy level affects female leisure PAA through indirect means.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G804.49
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本文编号：1771652