不同疲劳诱导方案对落地时下肢关节力学、刚度和能量吸收的影响

发布时间：2018-04-19 11:00

本文选题：落地 + 运动性疲劳　；参考：《体育科学》2017年11期

【摘要】：目的:比较两种典型运动方案:恒速跑(简称"跑疲劳方案")和冲刺变速跑+全力垂直纵跳(简称"跑+跳疲劳方案")诱导疲劳前、后,人体落地动作时下肢矢状面关节力学、刚度和能量表现的差异,探讨疲劳和各力学因素之间的相互关系。方法:比较15名受试者在恒速跑和折返跑+垂直纵跳方案前、后落地时的垂直地面反作用力、下肢运动学、关节力矩、下肢/关节刚度和关节能量等。结果:运动疲劳能够增加落地过程中重心下降的位移和各关节活动度(P0.05),提高刚触地时的伸膝力矩(P0.05),降低髋、膝关节的刚度从而减小下肢整体刚度(P0.05),增加伸髋肌群能量吸收(P0.05)的同时相应减小跖屈肌群的能量贡献(P0.01)。结论:疲劳后,人体下肢采用与疲劳前不同的落地控制策略,且不同疲劳诱导的效果存在差异,其中,跑疲劳方案主要体现在运动学和关节能量的改变,而跑+跳疲劳方案则更多地影响了落地时的关节力矩和刚度,提示这可能与上述疲劳方案的运动模式有关。因此,在建立人体运动疲劳模型时,需要考虑不同的疲劳诱导方案对于疲劳后落地时下肢控制的生物力学差异。
[Abstract]:Objective: to compare the mechanical properties of the sagittal joint of lower extremities during the landing of the human body before and after the fatigue induced by two typical sports schemes: the constant speed run ("running fatigue scheme") and the sprint change running full vertical vertical jump ("running jump fatigue scheme").The relationship between fatigue and mechanical factors is discussed.Methods: the vertical ground reaction, lower limb kinematics, joint torque, lower extremity / joint stiffness and joint energy were compared between 15 subjects before the vertical longitudinal jump scheme of constant speed running and reverse running.Results: exercise fatigue could increase the displacement of the center of gravity and the range of motion of each joint during landing, increase the moment of knee extension and decrease the hip joint.The stiffness of knee joint can decrease the whole stiffness of lower extremity and increase the energy absorption of extensor hip muscle group (P0.05) and decrease the energy contribution of flexor metatarsus muscle group.Conclusion: after fatigue, the lower extremities of human body adopt different landing control strategies than before fatigue, and the effect of different fatigue induction is different, among which, the fatigue scheme of running is mainly reflected in the changes of kinematics and joint energy.However, the running and jumping fatigue scheme has more influence on the joint torque and stiffness when landing, suggesting that this may be related to the motion mode of the above fatigue scheme.Therefore, it is necessary to consider the biomechanical differences between different fatigue induction schemes for lower limb control after landing after fatigue.
【作者单位】：上海体育学院运动健身科技省部共建教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11772201,11302131) 上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(14YZ125)
【分类号】：G804.7

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