世界优秀壁球女子运动员技战术特征分析

发布时间：2018-04-23 00:03

本文选题：技术 + 战术　；参考：《上海体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究以项群理论中的持拍类项目作为理论基础,运用专家访谈法确立壁球技战术指标构建原则,构建壁球比赛基本观察指标,包括击球技术,击球位置(落点),击球线路和击球效果。其次运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法、对比分析法等研究方法,对30场(2282个回合)女子高水平女子壁球比赛的技战术运用特征进行研究分析。具体分析优秀女子壁球运动员发球和接发球技战术特征,全场技战术特征,最后一拍技战术特征和拍数段落特征。通过研究结果,得出如下结论:1.在击球技术上:优秀壁球女子运动员在发球时以高吊球为主。接发球时,使用最多的技术是截击长球,截击球使用率高于落地球;全场使用最多的技术是长球,落地球使用率高于截击球。胜方在接发球和全场球中进攻性技术的使用率都高于负方。可以看出,当今世界优秀女子壁球选手的打法较为保守,主要以控制后场底线为主,利用短球和截击短球作为主要进攻手段。总体打法正向着更快节奏,更具进攻性的趋势发展。2.在击球位置(落点)上:接发球主要落点在5号区。全场击球落点最多的区域是5号区,击球落点最少的区域是2号区;女子球员在4号区击球时得分最高,在3号区击球时失分最多,在比赛中,中场区是女子运动员最主要的得失分区域,胜方中场球失误率略低于负方。3.在击球线路上:截击斜线长球是接发球时最常用的技术。接发球直线斜线球使用率无差异。全场技术中,直线长球使用率最高,直线斜线总使用率明显高于斜线。进攻性技术甚之。4.在击球效果上:截击短球是接发球时得分最多的技术;截击长球是接发球中失分最多得技术。截击球在接发球中得失分率为1.4,有效率很低。全场得分最多的技术依次是长球、短球和截击短球;失分最多的技术依次是短球、长球和截击短球,得失分率成正比关系。胜方在全场技术中得分率明显高于负方,但在失误率上和负方无明显差异,说明,失误率的高低可以直接决定比赛的胜负关系,在对打中,5-8拍回合在比赛中出现的频次最高,其次是1-4拍,92.8%得球在20拍之内决定胜负。通过上述结论,得出如下建议:1.在比赛中,根据比赛实际情况,增加截击球和进攻球的使用率,主动改变比赛节奏,把握机会,抢占比赛先机。2.加强中场区进攻球练习,提高中场进攻球的威胁和成功率;同时加强截击球和挑球的练习,提高截击球和挑球的质量和稳定性。3.出手线路应更加多变,增加斜线球的使用率,在球员能力范围内,进攻时,偶尔改变线路,增大对手预判难度。4.提高发接发后几拍回球质量,抓住前4拍的回球,为自身创造优势。同时,应加强球员体能练习,提高在多拍下回球的稳定性,增强球员在多回合下的自信心和耐心。
[Abstract]:In this study, based on the racket-holding items in the theory of item group, using the method of expert interview to establish the construction principle of squash technique and tactics index, and to construct the basic observation index of squash match, including the batting technique. Batting position (drop point, stroke line, and stroke effect). Secondly, by using the methods of literature, video observation, mathematical statistics and comparative analysis, the characteristics of technical and tactical application of 30 (2282 rounds) women's high level women squash competitions were studied and analyzed. The characteristics of serving and receiving serve of excellent female squash players, the technical and tactical characteristics of the whole court, and the characteristics of the last shot and several paragraphs are analyzed in detail. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusion is drawn: 1. In batting technique: excellent squash female players serve with high-hanging ball. In receiving service, the most used technique is volley long ball, the use rate of volley is higher than that of falling earth, and the most widely used technique is long ball, the utilization rate of falling earth is higher than that of volley ball. The winning side's use of offensive technology in both the receiver and the full-court ball is higher than that in the negative side. It can be seen that the best women squash players in the world play conservatively, mainly to control the bottom line in the back court, and to use short ball and short volley as the main offensive means. The overall approach is moving towards a faster, more offensive trend. 2. In the batting position (drop point): the receiving serve is mainly in area 5. The area with the most hitting point is area 5 and the area with the least hitting point is area 2; the female player has the highest score in area 4 and the most points in area 3, and in the game, The midfield area is the most important area for women athletes, and the error rate of the winning side is slightly lower than that of the negative side. 3. In the batting line: volley bevel long ball is the most commonly used technique in service. There is no difference in the utilization rate of the receiving ball with straight diagonal ball. The total utilization rate of straight sloping line is higher than that of diagonal line. Offensive technology. In batting effect: the short volley is the technique that scores the most when receiving the serve; the volley long ball is the technique of losing the most points in the receiving serve. The scoring rate of volley ball in receiving serve is 1.4, and the efficiency is very low. The technique with the most score is the long ball, the short ball and the short volley, and the technique with the most losing points is the short ball, the long ball and the short volley, and the score ratio is proportional. The winning side is obviously higher than the negative side in the overall technique, but there is no obvious difference between the failure rate and the negative side. It shows that the error rate can directly determine the winning and losing relationship of the match, and the frequency of the 5-8 beat round in the match is the highest. The next is 1-4 and 92. 8% of the ball in 20 to decide the win or defeat. Through the above conclusion, we draw the following suggestion: 1. In the match, according to the actual situation of the match, increase the utilization rate of volley and attack ball, change the match rhythm actively, grasp the opportunity, seize the first chance of the match. Strengthen the practice of attacking ball in midfield, improve the threat and success rate of attacking ball in midfield, strengthen the practice of volley ball and pick ball, improve the quality and stability of volley and pick ball. The line should be more changeable, increase the use of diagonal ball, in the player's range of ability, attack, occasionally change the line, increase the difficulty of foresight. 4. Improve the quality of a few shots after receiving the ball, catch the first 4 shots of the ball, for their own advantages. At the same time, we should strengthen the players' physical practice, improve the stability of the next round ball, and enhance the confidence and patience of the players in the multi-round.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G849.9

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