柔韧和力量素质对疾跑中股后肌群生物力学特征的影响

发布时间：2018-04-24 11:30

本文选题：肌肉拉伤 + 损伤危险因素　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:股后肌群拉伤是体育运动中最为常见的损伤之一,目前尚未确定股后肌群柔韧和力量素质是否是疾跑时股后肌群拉伤的危险因素,研究表明肌肉应变过高是导致拉伤的直接机制。本研究旨在确定柔韧和力量素质与股后肌群最优长度及疾跑时股后肌群最大应变之间的关系,并确定疾跑时股后肌群拉伤的危险时相。研究结果有助于深入了解股后肌群拉伤的危险因素,为股后肌群拉伤的预防和康复以及其它肌肉拉伤的临床研究奠定理论基础。研究方法:有短跑训练经历的大学生40名(男、女各20名),通过PSLR测试测量受试者双侧股后肌群的柔韧性得分。应用Motion红外运动捕捉系统、Kistler测力台及Noraxon肌电仪获取受试者疾跑时的运动学、地面反作用力和肌电数据。应用Isomed2000等速测试仪获得受试者10°/s的等速向心屈膝力矩。应用Qualisys红外运动捕捉系统获得受试者等速力量测试时下肢的运动学数据。建立骨骼肌肉模型计算下肢的关节角度、净力矩、关节功率、股后肌群的长度、力量及肌肉应变等指标。研究结果:股后肌群的最优长度显著大于站立时的股后肌群长度,且二者相关系数较低(0.1179≤R2≤0.2513);股后肌群的最优长度与股后肌群的柔韧性得分(0.3347≤partial R2≤0.4143)及性别(0.0781≤partial R2≤0.1318)显著相关,与股后肌群的最大向心力量不相关;在相同的柔韧性得分下,女性的股后肌群最优长度短于男性;股后肌群的柔韧性与其最大向心力量不相关;股后肌群三块双关节肌的最大应变均出现在疾跑摆动阶段末期;疾跑时股后肌群的最大应变与股后肌群的柔韧性得分负相关(0.3610≤R2≤0.4332),与最大向心力量、最大肌肉应变时刻的髋-膝角及疾跑时股后肌群的最大长度不相关;疾跑时股后肌群的最大应变在性别之间没有显著差异,股二头肌长头和半腱肌的最大应变大于半膜肌。研究结论:股后肌群的柔韧性与其最优长度正相关、与疾跑时股后肌群的最大应变负相关,而股后肌群的最大向心力量与其最优长度和疾跑时的最大应变不相关,柔韧性可能是疾跑中股后肌群拉伤的危险因素;疾跑时股后肌群最大应变出现在摆动阶段末期,提示疾跑摆动末期更易发生股后肌群拉伤;不建议将站立时的股后肌群长度代替股后肌群的最优长度来使用;在相同的柔韧性条件下,女性的股后肌群最优长度比男性短,但疾跑时股后肌群最大应变无性别差异;股后肌群的柔韧性和最大向心力量不相关,提示柔韧和向心力量的发展可能并不相互影响;疾跑时股后肌群各肌肉最大应变不同,这可能是疾跑时各肌肉拉伤率不同的原因之一。
[Abstract]:Objective: the posterior femoral muscle group is one of the most common injuries in sports. It is not determined whether the flexibility and strength of the posterior femoral muscle group are the risk factors for the posterior femoral muscle group. The study shows that the excessive muscle strain is the direct mechanism of the injury. This study aims to determine the flexibility and strength quality and the posterior femoral muscle group. The relationship between the optimal length and the maximum strain of the posterior femoral muscle group during sprint and the determination of the dangerous phase of the pull of the posterior femoral muscle group during sprint. The results are helpful to understand the risk factors of the posterior femoral muscle group injury, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and rehabilitation of the posterior femoral muscle group and the clinical study of other muscle injuries. 40 college students (male and female 20) were tested by the PSLR test to measure the flexibility score of the bilateral posterior femoral muscles. The Motion infrared motion capture system, the Kistler dynamometer and the Noraxon muscle electrometer were used to obtain the kinematics, the ground reaction force and the EMG data. The Isomed2000 isokinetic test instrument was used. The subjects of the subjects were 10 /s with isokinetic knee flexion. The Qualisys infrared motion capture system was used to obtain the kinematics data of the lower extremities when the subjects were tested for the isokinetic force. The skeletal muscle model was established to calculate the joint angle, the net torque, the joint power, the length of the posterior femoral muscle group, the strength and the muscle strain. The optimal length was significantly greater than the length of the posterior femoral muscle group when standing, and the correlation coefficient of the two was lower (0.1179 < R2 < 0.2513); the optimal length of the posterior femoral muscle group was significantly correlated with the flexibility score of the posterior femoral muscle group (0.3347 < partial R2 < 0.4143) and the sex (0.0781 < < partial R2 < 0.1318), and was not related to the maximum centripetal force of the posterior femoral muscle group; Under the same flexibility score, the optimal length of the posterior femoral muscle group was shorter than that of the male; the flexibility of the posterior femoral muscle group was not related to the maximum centripetal force; the maximum strain of the three double joint muscles in the posterior femoral muscle group appeared at the end of the sprint stage; the maximum strain of the posterior femoral muscle group was negatively correlated with the flexibility score of the posterior femoral muscle group (0.3610 < 0. R2 < 0.4332), it is not related to maximum centripetal force, the maximum length of the maximum muscle strain at the hip knee angle and the maximum length of the posterior femoral muscle group in sprint; the maximum strain of the posterior femoral muscle group in sprint is not significantly different between sex, and the maximum strain of the long and semitendinosus muscles of the femoris is greater than that of the half membrane. The optimal length is positively correlated with the maximum strain of the posterior femoral muscle group in sprint, and the maximum centripetal force of the posterior femoral muscle group is not related to the optimal length and the maximum strain in the sprint. Flexibility may be the risk factor for the injury of the posterior femoral muscle group in sprint; the maximum strain of the posterior femoral muscle group appears at the end of the wobble stage during the sprint, indicating the sprint swing. The posterior femoral muscle group is more likely to occur at the end of the femoral muscle group; it is not recommended to use the length of the posterior femoral muscle group to replace the optimal length of the posterior femoral muscle group. Under the same flexibility condition, the optimal length of the posterior femoral muscle group is shorter than that of the male, but the maximum strain of the posterior femoral muscle in the sprint is different, the flexibility of the posterior femoral muscle group and the maximum centripetal force are not. Correlation, suggesting that the development of flexibility and centripetal force may not affect each other; the maximum strain of the muscles of the posterior muscle in the sprint is different, which may be one of the reasons for the different muscle strain rates in the sprint.

【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.6

【相似文献】