不同训练方法对吉林省男子短道速滑运动员有氧耐力影响的研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 07:03

本文选题：有氧耐力 + 男子短道速滑　；参考：《吉林体育学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：短道速滑项目一直是我国重点发展的冬季运动项目,在我国冬季奥林匹克运动会是重点夺金项目和贡献金牌数量最多的冬季运动项目,同时也是我国冬季项目发展的排头兵和引领者。冬季项目主要集中于吉林、黑龙江和辽宁等冰雪资源丰富的省市,吉林省的冬季项目和短道速滑项目具有相当重要的地位,为国家培养了许多冬季项目人才。短道速滑项目是吉林的传统优势项目,能够取得令人瞩目的成绩得益于长期以来相关部门的重视以及选材、训练、科研、后勤保障等方面为短道速滑项目的发展奠定了基础。短道速滑属于周期性耐力项目,运动员的耐力水平特别是有氧耐力水平对运动成绩影响巨大。近些年,短道速滑项目运动员有氧耐力训练逐步成为训练的重要组成部分,关于短道速滑项目运动员有氧耐力指标的研究成为研究热点。吉林省短道速滑队非常重视科研工作,一直把生理生化监控贯穿于训练和比赛的全过程,通过监控生理生化指标的变化来指导训练,调整训练的量和强度,对运动员在训练和比赛中的有氧耐力指标的监控是指导和调整训练的科学依据。最大摄氧量和无氧阈是有氧耐力的重要评价指标,通过对相关指标的监控,根据运动员的指标变化来预测运动员的身体状态和对训练的适应程度。本文正是在相关研究的基础上,以吉林省短道速滑队为依托,综合运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法以及数量统计等方法,结合短道速滑项目有氧耐力常规训练方法,对短道速滑项目运动员的最大摄氧量、无氧阈等有氧耐力指标进行实验,分别比较不同方法对运动成绩、最大摄氧量、无氧阈等指标的影响,为短道速滑项目运动员有氧耐力训练提供指导。研究结果:自行车练习法、轮滑练习法、陆地模仿练习法、滑跳练习法以及高住低训训练法等五种训练方法都能够不同程度的提高短道速滑项目运动员的有氧耐力水平。五种训练方法对最大摄氧量和无氧阈指标的作用是相异的。不同有氧耐力训练方法对最大摄氧量和无氧阈指标的作用是不同的。两种指标在训练的作用下其提升幅度和速度存在差异性和不均衡性。高住低训法和滑跳练习对提高运动成绩帮助最大,高住低训法和自行车练习对提高短道速滑运动员的有氧耐力水平的作用最为明显。有氧耐力水平的提高并不代表运动成绩就一定提高,且提升幅度也有较大差异,运动成绩和有氧耐力水平的提高存在不平衡性。建议:结合训练阶段、训练目的和运动员身心状态有针对性的使用各种有氧耐力训练方法;充分利用不同有氧耐力训练方法的特点、训练阶段和训练目的使用有氧耐力训练方法。重视高住低训训练法和自行车练习法对提高短道速滑运动员有氧耐力水平起着突出作用,提高高住低训训练法和自行车练习法的重要地位和训练时间;全面提高选材、训练、科研以及膳食营养等方面的科学化水平,才能提高吉林省短道速滑队的整体竞技能力。
[Abstract]:The short track speed skating project has been the key development winter sport in China. The Winter Olympic Games in China are the key gold medal winning projects and the winter sports events that contribute the most gold medals. At the same time, it is also the leading soldier and leader in the development of China's winter projects. The winter project is focused on the ice and snow capital in Jilin, Heilongjiang and Liaoning. Jilin province's winter project and short track speed skating project have a very important position in the rich provinces and cities. The short track speed skating project is the traditional advantage project of Jilin. It can benefit from the attention of the relevant departments and the material selection, training, scientific research and logistic support for a long time. It lays the foundation for the development of short track speed skating project. Short track speed skating belongs to periodic endurance project, and the endurance level of athletes especially the level of aerobic endurance has great influence on sports performance. In recent years, the aerobic endurance training of short track speed skating athletes has gradually become an important part of training, and the short track speed skating project The research on the index of aerobic endurance has become a hot spot of research. The short track speed skating team in Jilin province attaches great importance to the scientific research work. It has kept the physiological and biochemical monitoring throughout the whole process of training and competition. By monitoring the changes of physiological and biochemical indicators to guide training, adjusting the quantity and intensity of training, the aerobic endurance index of the athletes in training and competition is measured. Monitoring is the scientific basis for guiding and adjusting training. The maximum oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold is an important evaluation index of the aerobic endurance. Through the monitoring of the related indexes, the athletes' physical state and the adaptability to the training are predicted according to the changes of the athletes' indexes. This paper is based on the related research and the short track speed skating in Jilin province. With the support of the team, the methods of literature data, expert interview, experiment, and quantity statistics are used to test the maximum oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of short track speed skating athletes in short track speed skating project, and compare the performance and maximum oxygen uptake by different methods. The effects of anaerobic threshold and other indexes provide guidance for the aerobic endurance training of short track speed skating athletes. The results of the study are: Bicycle practice, roller skating practice, land imitation practice, skidding and low training training can improve the aerobic endurance water of short track speed skating athletes in varying degrees. The effect of the five training methods on the maximum oxygen uptake and the anaerobic threshold index is different. The effect of different aerobic endurance training methods on the maximum oxygen uptake and the anaerobic threshold index is different. The two indexes have differences and unbalance between the amplitude and speed of the lifting and the speed of the training under the action of training. The effect of high performance and low training method and bicycle exercise on improving the aerobic endurance level of short track speed skaters is the most obvious. The improvement of aerobic endurance level does not represent a certain increase in sports performance, and there are great differences in the range of promotion, and the improvement of sports performance and aerobic endurance level is not balanced. Combined with the training stage, the training purpose and the physical and mental state of the athletes are targeted to use various aerobic endurance training methods; the characteristics of different aerobic endurance training methods are made full use of, the training stage and the training purpose are used in the aerobic endurance training methods. The level of oxygen endurance plays an important role in raising the important position and training time of the training method of low training and cycling, and improving the scientific level of material selection, training, scientific research and dietary nutrition in order to improve the overall competitive ability of the short track speed skating team in Jilin province.

【学位授予单位】：吉林体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G862.1

【参考文献】