重庆市青少年田径竞技后备人才项目分布及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 17:00

本文选题：重庆市 + 青少年后备人才　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为体育项目中的基础大项,田径项目不仅是一种体育实践活动,更是一种文化载体,是一个国家综合国力的重要体现。青少年田径项目后备人才的培养是田径竞技体育能否取得持续发展的致胜因素,是我国体育事业发展的主要命题之一。国家体育总局制定的《关于进一步加强竞技体育后备人才培养工作的指导意见》要求充分发挥我国竞技体育举国体制的优势,构建行之有效后备人才培养体系,把青少年运动员人才发掘与培养工作提升到国家体育发展的重要战略地位。竞技后备人才培养与体育项目布局相辅相成,田径作为奖牌数量最多的竞技体育项目,对青少年田径竞技人才布局的分析与研究,有利于区分田径优势项目和潜力项目,为田径竞技体育后备人才培养找准方向。基于此大背景下,重庆市加强了对青少年田径运动员的培养,着力构建以体育院校为龙头、业余体校为支撑、大中小学校为补充的多元化青少年田径后备人才培养体系,加强了业余体校和体育传统项目学校管理,这也标志着重庆市体育事业,尤其是田径项目方面取得突破性进展。本研究综合相关优秀研究成果,着力调查重庆市青少年后备人才发展现状,结合重庆市实际情况,分析重庆市青少年田径运动的优势项目、潜优势项目、弱势项目及影响因素,以期为重庆市青少年田径竞技后备人才培养提供正确的方向,从而为重庆市青少年田径竞技后备人才发展提供建设性的意见和建议。本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实地访谈法、统计分析法、帕累托分析法等研究方法,以重庆市2013-2016年全国中学生田径锦标赛成绩为研究对象,通过对重庆市12所学校的教练员和运动员进行问卷调查,从运动员、教练员的基本情况,运动员的比赛成绩进行分析。根据分析得出以下结论:(1)近年来重庆市青少年田径的整体实力呈现上升的趋势,但是在短跑项目和跳跃项目的竞争实力逐渐减弱。青少年田径后备人才短缺,集团优势不明显,一定程度上阻碍了重庆市青少年田径水平的进一步提高。(2)重庆市青少年田径优势项目为:男子100米、200米、400米、跳远、接力;女子100米栏、300米栏、200米、400米;潜优势项目为:男子三级跳远、跳高、800米、1500米;女子100米、400米栏、跳远、三级跳远、跳高;弱势项目为:男子3000米、5000米、投掷类、全能类;女子800米、1500米、3000米、投掷类、全能类。(3)重庆市青少年运动员运动等级水平较低,运动项目和运动员性别分布不平衡。绝大多数运动员从事田径训练的动机集中在个人爱好和升学压力。(4)重庆市青少年田径教练员学历水平普遍偏高,但从业年限不长,继续学习的意识不强。由于多方面的原因,教练员队伍面临着训练经验和执教能力断层的危险。(5)影响重庆市青少年田径后备人才项目分布的因素有:后备人才选材和引进因素、高水平教练因素、经费和投入问题、激励机制的影响、科技及市场因素的影响。研究针对重庆市青少年田径运动员项目分布现状及其影响因素得出的结论及存在的问题,给出以下几点建议:(1)发展优势项目,建立多渠道后备人才选拔和培养体系。(2)完善教练员培训考核机制,打造高水平的教练员队伍。(3)拓宽经费渠道,设立青少年田径项目发展的专项基金。(4)构建重庆市青少年田径后备人才保障体系和激励机制。(5)完善政策法规和竞赛制度,提供制度保障。(6)发展科技,加快田径项目的社会化、市场化发展。
[Abstract]:As a basic item in sports, track and field events are not only a kind of sports practice, but also a cultural carrier. It is an important embodiment of a country's comprehensive national strength. The cultivation of the reserve talents for young and young track and field sports is a winning factor for the sustainable development of athletics sports, and the main proposition of the development of China's sports cause. First, the guiding opinions on Further Strengthening the training of reserve talents for competitive sports formulated by the State General Administration of physical education are required to give full play to the advantages of our country's competitive sports system, to build an effective training system for reserve talents, and to promote the important strategic areas of the national sports development by the exploration and training of young athletes. Competitive reserve personnel training and sports project layout complement each other, track and field as the most medals of competitive sports, the analysis and Research on the layout of young and track athletic talents, is beneficial to distinguish the track and field advantages and potential projects, for the track and field athletic sports reserve personnel training direction. Based on this background, Chongqing The city has strengthened the training of young and young track and field athletes, focused on the construction of a diversified training system for Juvenile Track and field reserve talents, supported by sports colleges and universities as the lead, amateur sports schools as a support, and supplemented by primary and middle schools, and strengthened the management of Amateur Sports schools and sports traditional project schools. This also marks the sports cause in Chongqing, especially the track and field events. This study has made breakthrough progress. This research integrates the relevant outstanding research results, and focuses on the investigation of the development status of Chongqing teenager reserve talents, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the Chongqing teenager track and field sports, the potential advantages, the weak items and the influence factors, with a view to the reserve talents of the youth athletics in Chongqing. The training provides the correct direction to provide constructive suggestions and suggestions for the development of Chongqing teenage track and field Athletic Reserve talents. This paper uses literature data method, questionnaire survey method, field interview method, statistical analysis method, Pareto analysis method and other research methods, taking the results of the 2013-2016 year national high school track and Field Championships in Chongqing as a study. Through a questionnaire survey of the coaches and athletes in 12 schools in Chongqing, this paper analyzes the athletes, the coaches' basic situation and the performance of the athletes. According to the analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) in recent years, the overall strength of the teenage track and field in Chongqing is on the rise, but in the sprint and jumping events The competitive strength has gradually weakened. The shortage of young track and field reserve talents, the group advantage is not obvious, to some extent hinders the further improvement of the Chongqing teenager track and field level. (2) the Chongqing teenage track and field advantages are as follows: Men 100 meters, 200 meters, 400 meters, long jump, relay; women 100 meter hurdles, 300 meters hurdles, 200 meters, 400 meters; potential advantages are as follows: Men's three jump, high jump, 800 meters, 1500 meters; women 100 meters, 400 meter hurdles, long jump, three long jump, high jump; the weak items are: Men 3000 meters, 5000 meters, throwing class, all-around class; women 800 meters, 1500 meters, 3000 meters, throwing class, all-around class. (3) Chongqing youth athletes sports grade level is lower, sports and athletes gender distribution is uneven. The overwhelming majority of athletes engaged in track and field training are focused on personal hobbies and pressure to rise in school. (4) Chongqing teenage track and field coaches have a high level of education, but their employment is not long and the awareness of continuing study is not strong. For many reasons, the coaches are facing the danger of training experience and teaching ability fault. (5) influence The factors of the distribution of Chongqing adolescent track and field reserve talents include: the selection and introduction of reserve talents, the factors of high level coaching, the problem of funds and investment, the influence of incentive mechanism, the influence of science and technology and market factors. The conclusion and the existence of the present situation and the influencing factors of the Youth Track and field athletes in Chongqing are studied. The following suggestions are given as follows: (1) developing advantage projects and establishing a multi-channel reserve personnel selection and training system. (2) improve the training and assessment mechanism of coaches and create a high level of coaches. (3) broaden the funding channels and set up a special fund for the development of young and young track and field projects. (4) the construction of Chongqing adolescent track and field reserve personnel support (5) improve policies and regulations and competition system, provide system guarantee. (6) develop science and technology, accelerate the socialization of track and field projects, and market development.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G82

【参考文献】