山东省跳水运动员跳台项目技术训练研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 15:43

本文选题：跳水运动 + 跳台　；参考：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代跳水是指运动者在一定高度的器械上起跳，完成空中动作后，以入水为结束的一项水上技巧运动。跳水运动是集合形体、力量、姿态、空中感觉、协调感、柔韧性、节奏感等各项技能为一体的柔美与力量完美结合的一项运动。我国的跳水运动是从上世纪30年代逐渐开展起来的，中国跳水队充分发挥我国运动员轻巧、灵活的特点，一度使我国跳水动作的难度走在世界最前面。到上世纪八十年代，我国的跳水运动就开始处于国际领先地位。自2008年以来，中国跳水队在国际大赛中的的优势不再明显，尤其是十米台跳水项目出现了令人担忧的问题，运动员比赛动作完成质量不高，发挥不够稳定，对运动员的成绩排名出现了一定的影响。山东省跳水队建队近30年来，作为国家跳水队的基层队伍，为国家队输送了多名优秀运动员。本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、观察法、数理统计法等研究方法，对山东省跳水队跳台项目运动员的技术水平、技术训练指导思想、技术训练内容、技术训练方法和技术训练计划等现状进行综合分析，提出相应对策，并得出结论如下：（1）目前，山东省跳水队跳台项目竞技水平有了较大提高，但整体实力依旧薄弱，表现为难度上没有绝对优势，，大多数运动员在比赛中动作完成质量不高。（2）在山东省竞技跳水发展初期曾因盲目追求成绩忽视了技术能力的训练，一味追求难度。后来经过积极总结经验、吸取教训，确立了“以技术能力为核心，以质量为前提，适时发展难度，追求难与美的统一”的指导思想，并取得较大成效。（3）经过不断探索，山东省跳台跳水形成了一套较完善的“水陆结合，陆为水用”的训练方法。（4）山东省教练员在跳台跳水技术训练中灵活运用陆台、保护带等辅助器械对运动员的基本能力和专项技术进行训练，有效提高了运动员的技术能力。（5）山东省跳水教练员能够广泛运用运动训练的一般方法，并根据跳台跳水的特点灵活选择不同的训练方法，具体包括：重复训练法、分解训练法、意识训练法技术反馈纠错法、比赛法等。（6）山东省跳水队根据比赛时间制定了双周期年度训练计划，并根据不同训练时期的目标和需要充分考虑训练内容的最佳配置、训练手段的科学交替以及训练负荷的变化调节。（7）山东省跳水队教练员为每位运动员制定单独的训练课计划，根据不同队员的特点为其安排训练内容和负荷，并能够在训练实践中根据实际情况做出调整。
[Abstract]:Modern dive refers to a sport who jumps on a certain height of the apparatus and completes the air movement to the end of the water. The dive is a sport with the combination of form, strength, posture, sense of air, coordination, flexibility, rhythm and so on. Sports began in the 30s of the last century. The Chinese diving team made full use of the light and flexible characteristics of our athletes, and once made the difficulty of diving in the world ahead of the world. By the 80s of last century, the diving movement of our country began to be in the international leading position.
Since 2008, the advantages of the Chinese diving team in international competitions are no longer obvious, especially the ten meter dive project has appeared a worrying problem. The performance of the athletes' performance is not high, the play is not stable enough, and there is a certain effect on the ranking of the athletes' performance.
The Shandong diving team has built a team in the past 30 years, as the grass-roots team of the national diving team, and conveyed several excellent athletes for the national team. This paper adopts the literature data method, expert interview, observation, mathematical statistics and other research methods, to the technical level, the technical training guiding ideology and the technical training of the diving athletes in the diving team of Shandong province. Rong, technical training methods and technical training programs and other comprehensive analysis of the status quo, put forward corresponding countermeasures, and draw the following conclusions:
(1) at present, the competitive level of the diving team of Shandong diving team has been greatly improved, but the overall strength is still weak, which shows that there is no absolute advantage on the difficulty. Most athletes do not have high quality in the competition.
(2) in the early stage of the development of competitive diving in Shandong Province, the training of technical ability was neglected because of the blind pursuit of achievement, and the difficulty was pursued blindly. Later, after actively summarizing the experience and drawing lessons, the guiding ideology of "taking technical ability as the core, quality as the premise, developing difficulty and pursuing the unity of difficulty and beauty" was established and achieved great results.
(3) after continuous exploration, Shandong's diving platform has formed a relatively perfect training method of "combining land with water and using land as water".
(4) the coaches of Shandong province flexibly use the land platform, the protective belt and other auxiliary instruments to train the athletes' basic abilities and special techniques in the diving technical training of the platform, which effectively improves the technical ability of the athletes.
(5) the dive coaches in Shandong can widely use the general methods of sports training, and choose different training methods flexibly according to the characteristics of diving diving, including repeated training, decomposing training, awareness training, technical feedback and error correction, competition method, etc.
(6) the Shandong diving team has formulated a dual cycle annual training plan according to the competition time. According to the goals and needs of different training periods, the best allocation of training content, the scientific alternation of training means and the change of training load are adjusted.
(7) the coaches of the Shandong diving team set up a separate training program for each athlete, arranged the training content and load according to the characteristics of the different players, and can make adjustments in practice in accordance with the actual conditions.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G861.21

【参考文献】