对男子网球运动员—发平击球技术动作的运动学对比分析

发布时间：2018-04-28 02:21

本文选题：发球技术 + 网球　；参考：《成都体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过文献资料法和三维录像解析法对国际优秀男子网球运动员诺瓦克·德约科维奇(Novak Djokovic)、马林·西里奇(Marin Cilic)和4名国家二级网球运动员的一发平击球内角球的录像进行三维分析,得出技术特征数据,并进行比较,以利于国家二级网球运动员改进发球技术动作,同时也为我国优秀网球运动员发球技术的提高提供一定的技术参考。通过分析德约科维奇和西里奇的发球技术动作符合国内外专家及学者的研究结果,两人都采用不上步站位(foot-back)发球技术,经过研究其发球技术动作均属于鞭打范畴,挥拍发力顺畅,下肢蹬地充分,属于大关节带动小关节的运动,是近端关节向远端关节的传递,为成都体育学院的国家二级网球运动员做了一个很好地发球示范。国家二级网球运动员与国际优秀网球运动员相比较,在抛球举拍阶段:当球离手时刻,4位国家二级网球运动员左肘都未伸直,只有郑**较为与其接近。在出手速度上,郑**表现较为稳定,王**出手速度太大。在出手高度上赵**和徐**出手点在略高于身高的位置,郑**和王**略低于身高的的位置。左膝屈膝最大时刻,4位国家二级网球运动员的右肩角和右肘角只有王**在这一时刻做的较为合理;赵**的肩部外旋、外展较大;徐**的右肘角屈曲不够;郑**的右肩外展不够,右肘稍有夹肘。下肢关节的表现:左膝角都小于右膝角,这说明引拍结束时刻,重心压在了运动员的左腿上;整个阶段腕关节都处于放松状态,肩髋环节投影角郑**和王**比国际优秀网球运动员的扭转幅度还要大。背拍阶段:身体重心高度与背拍下吊最低点的高度比较,4位国家二级网球运动员没有一位重心高度高于背拍下吊最低点的高度的,4位国家二级网球运动员都存在背弓姿势不够充分或肩角、肘角以及腕角的屈伸不足导致背拍不充分。挥拍击球阶段,4位国家二级网球运动员在发球的站位姿势与国际优秀网球运动员一样,都采用(foot-back)站位,从落差上来说,郑**和徐**的落差分别为0.353 m和0.512m,赵**和王**的落差分别为0.847m和0.753m。本研究认为提高击球点的高度是比较好的,可以增加进攻范围范围,赵**和王**应减少抛球点的落差,有利于击球稳定性。西里奇持拍手一侧的肩关节、肘关节、腕关节以及球拍在挥拍击球阶段的最大速度为:5.10m/s、8.53m/s、13.87m/s、26.83m/s;德约科维奇持拍手一侧的肩关节、肘关节、腕关节以及球拍在挥拍击球阶段的最大速度为:4.98m/s、8.36m/s、13.73m/s、25.92m/s;与国际优秀网球运动员相比较,而从上肢各关节的数据上来看,4位国家二级运动员也属于鞭打动作范畴。其拍头速度:赵**(22.67m/s)、郑**(23.89m/s)、徐**(24.48m/s)、王**(23.31m/s)等,4位国家二级网球运动员都不及国际优秀网球运动员的拍头速度。随挥阶段,从整个发球过程所用的时间来看,4位国家网球二级运动员随挥阶段,缓冲时间太久,不利于回击下一回球。
[Abstract]:In this paper, by using the method of literature and 3D video analysis, the authors have made a study of international elite men's tennis players Novak Djokovican, Ma Lin Cilicic and four national second-level tennis players. The video is analyzed in three dimensions, The technical characteristic data are obtained and compared in order to facilitate the national secondary tennis players to improve their serve technique and at the same time to provide a certain technical reference for the improvement of the serving techniques of our country's elite tennis players. Through the analysis of Djokovic and Silich's serve technique in accordance with the research results of experts and scholars at home and abroad, both of them adopt foot-back-serve technique, and after studying their serve technique, they both belong to the category of whipping. The swing force is smooth, the lower extremity pedals the ground fully, belongs to the big joint to drive the small joint movement, is the proximal joint to the distal joint transmission, has made a very good serve demonstration for the Chengdu Institute of physical Education national secondary tennis player. Compared with the international elite tennis players, the national secondary tennis players did not straighten out their left elbows when the ball was off their hands, only Zheng * was closer to it. In the release speed, Zheng * performance is more stable, Wang Li * too fast. At the height of the shot, Zhao and Xu were in a position slightly above height, while Zheng and Wang were slightly below height. The right shoulder angle and the right elbow angle of the four national secondary tennis players were only reasonably done at this moment; Zhao's shoulder spins and abduction were relatively large; Xu's right elbow angle was not flexion enough; and Zheng's right shoulder outreaching was not enough. The right elbow is slightly pinched. The performance of the lower limb joint: the angle of the left knee is smaller than the angle of the right knee, which means that at the end of the shooting, the center of gravity is pressed on the athlete's left leg; the wrist joint is in a relaxed state during the whole stage. The shoulder-hip projection angle Zheng and Wang are larger than the international elite tennis players. Stage of backbeat: height of body gravity center and height of the lowest point suspended by backbeat; none of the 4 national secondary tennis players with a height of gravity higher than the height of the lowest point of the back slapping hoist exists in all four national secondary tennis players The posture of the back bow is not enough or the angle of the shoulder is not enough, Insufficient flexion and extension of elbow angle and wrist angle lead to insufficient back pat. In the stage of batting, the four national second-tier tennis players used foot-back-based positions in the same position as the international elite tennis players. From the point of view of the drop, The differences between Zheng and Xu were 0.353 m and 0.512 m, respectively, and those of Zhao and Wang were 0.847 and 0.753 m, respectively. This study considers that it is better to raise the height of the batting point, which can increase the range of attack. Zhao and Wang should reduce the drop of the throwing point, which is beneficial to the stability of the shot. The maximum speed of Sitchie holding the shoulder, elbow, wrist and racket on the clapping side is: 5.10m / s / s 8.53m / s 13.87 m / s / s 26.83 m / s; Djokovic holds the shoulder joint, elbow joint on the clapping side. The maximum speed of wrists and rackets in the swing stage is: 4.98m / s 8.36m / s 13.73m / s 25.92 m / s; compared with the international elite tennis players, the four national second-level players are also in the category of whipping according to the data of the joints of the upper limbs. The beat speed of the four national second class tennis players is not as fast as that of the international elite tennis players. The beat speed of the four national tennis players is 22.67 m / s / s, 23.89 m / s / s, 24.48 m / s / s, and 23.31 m / s / s, respectively. From the time spent in the whole serve process, the four national second class tennis players have too long buffer time, which is not conducive to the return of the next ball.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G845

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