篮球运动员髌腱末端病生物力学损伤因素分析

发布时间：2018-04-28 11:09

本文选题：髌腱末端病 + 前瞻性研究　；参考：《北京体育大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的：本研究采用前瞻性队列研究设计,通过对追踪期新增髌腱末端病和未出现髌腱末端病受试者的基线数据进行对比,了解髌腱末端病高危人群的下肢生物力学特征,分析影响髌腱末端病的危险因素,以期为髌腱末端病的预防方法提供指导。另外,通过对比追踪期间新增髌腱末端病受试者损伤前后的数据,了解损伤对跳跃过程中下肢生物力学的影响,并分析损伤可能导致的代偿性动作特征,进而为髌腱末端病的康复提供理论依据。研究方法：对我校运动训练专业篮球专项学生(92人)进行膝关节损伤临床筛查诊断和问卷调查,筛查出没有膝关节损伤的个体作为研究对象(45人)。将这45名无膝关节损伤史的篮球运动员纳入研究队列,采集基线生物力学数据,并进行追踪。一年后回访,共采集到34名受试者的损伤诊断和生物力学测试结果,其中新增15例髌腱末端病,排除不符合研究目的受试者(8人),将其余研究对象按追踪一年后是否出现髌腱末端病分为髌腱末端病高危下肢组和非高危下肢组,每组各13名受试者。研究结果：1.髌腱末端病高危下肢在跳深和急停起跳动作中有特殊的下肢生物力学特征。2.髌腱末端病会影响篮球运动员急停起跳和跳深动作中的下肢生物力学特征。研究结论：1.髌腱末端病高危下肢在落地时更倾向于后跟先着地的落地模式,这会增加髋关节和膝关节的负荷。2.落地缓冲阶段较大的髋、膝关节屈角可能是髌腱末端病的损伤危险因素,可以通过早期介入肌力平衡训练和正确落地姿势训练来预防髌腱末端病的发生。3.髌腱末端病高危侧下肢的运动表现优于非高危下肢,运动员自身基础跳跃能力强或许是导致髌腱末端病的危险因素之一,该类运动员更要注意髌腱末端病的预防。4.髌腱末端病高危下肢损伤后下肢落地过程中的髋关节屈角会进一步增加,运动表现下降。5.较大的膝关节伸膝力矩加载率是在髌腱末端病高危侧下肢损伤后才出现的,并不是髌腱末端病的损伤危险因素。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity in the high risk population of patellotenitis by comparing the baseline data of the subjects with new patellar tendinosis and those without patellotenitis in the follow-up period by using a prospective cohort study design. To analyze the risk factors affecting patellar tendon terminal disease and to provide guidance for the prevention of patellar tendon terminal disease. In addition, the effects of injury on biomechanics of lower extremities during jumping were analyzed by comparing the data before and after the injury, and the compensatory action characteristics caused by the injury were analyzed. It provides theoretical basis for the rehabilitation of patellar tendon terminal disease. Methods: a total of 92 basketball students majoring in sports training in our university were selected for clinical screening diagnosis and questionnaire investigation of knee joint injury, and 45 subjects were selected as the subjects of the study. The 45 basketball players who had no history of knee joint injury were enrolled in the research cohort to collect baseline biomechanical data and track them. A year later, we collected the results of injury diagnosis and biomechanical tests of 34 subjects, including 15 new cases of patellar tendinopathy. The subjects were divided into high risk lower limb group and non high risk lower extremity group according to whether patellar tendon terminal disease appeared after one year. 13 subjects were in each group. The result of the study was: 1. The high risk lower extremities of patellar tendon disease have special biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity in jumping depth and sudden stop takeoff. 2. Patellar tendon end disease can affect the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremities in basketball players. Conclusion: 1. The high risk lower extremities of patellar tendon disease were more prone to the heel first landing mode, which increased the load of hip and knee joint. 2. The knee flexion angle may be the risk factor of patellar tendon end disease, which can be prevented by early intervention of muscle strength balance training and correct landing posture training. The motor performance of the high risk side of patellar tendon terminal disease is better than that of non-high risk lower extremity. The strong basic jumping ability of athletes may be one of the risk factors leading to patellar tendon terminal disease, and this kind of athletes should pay more attention to the prevention of patellar tendon terminal disease. 4. The flexion angle of hip joint will be further increased and the motor performance will decrease by .5. during the fall of lower extremity after the high risk of patellar tendon disease. The higher loading rate of knee extension torque appeared only after the high risk side of patellar tendon disease, and was not the risk factor of patellar tendon end disease.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G841;G804.6

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