急性低氧抗阻练习对下肢肌肉募集和激活后增强效应的影响

发布时间：2018-04-29 09:05

  本文选题：急性低氧 + 抗阻练习　； 参考：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:通过观察一次急性常氧高强度抗阻练习、低氧高强度抗阻练习以及低氧低强度抗阻练习对激活后增强效应(PAP)和肌肉募集的影响,探索低氧抗阻练习对于神经肌肉募集以对PAP影响的机制。方法:研究一:12名受试者间隔一周分别完成常氧高强度抗阻练习(90%1RM,3个/组,共3组,间歇90秒),低氧(海拔高度)高强度抗阻练习(同常氧)和低氧低强度抗阻练习(45%1RM,6个/组,共3组,间歇90秒),在练习的前后测试下蹲跳(CMJ)高度,最大等长收缩时的积分肌电。研究二:7名受试者间隔一周进行同研究一的三种抗阻练习,在练习的前后测试CMJ高度,最大等长收缩测试伸膝峰力矩同时记录双腿股直肌、股外侧肌和股内侧肌的肌电,分析力量发展速率(RFD)、电机械延迟(EMD)。结果:研究一:受试者在常氧高强度抗阻练习、低氧高强度抗阻练习以及低氧低强度抗阻练习后下蹲跳测试高度上都出现了激活后增强效应(PAP)。从下蹲跳测试高度上来看,低氧低强度抗阻练习后即刻的高度(56.1±4.4cm,p0.05)显著高于低氧高强度抗阻练习后即刻的CMJ高度(52.6±4.8cm,p0.05)和常氧高强度抗阻练习后CMJ高度(53.1±4.8cm,p0.05);低氧低强度抗阻练习后8分钟的CMJ高度(58.4±5.5cm,p0.05)显著高于常氧高强度抗阻练习后8分钟CMJ的高度(55.9±5.8cm,p0.05)。积分肌电结果显示,左腿股直肌在下蹲跳测试时的肌肉募集程度在低氧低强度抗阻练习后4分钟(2983.2±1489.3,p0.05)和12分钟(3447.8±1894.7,p0.05)分别显著高于低氧高强度抗阻练习后4分钟(1959.7±445.7,p0.05)和12分钟(2131.8±761.7,p0.05)。研究二:等长肌力测试的力矩数据显示只有在低氧低强度抗阻练习后产生了激活后增强效应。电机械延迟(EMD)结果来看,低氧低强度抗阻练习后12分钟的EMD值(73.14±4.15ms,p0.05)显著低于常氧高强度练习后12分钟EMD的值(98.14±10.19ms,p0.05)。结论:常氧高强度抗阻练习、低氧高强度抗阻练习和低氧低强度抗阻练习后均可以产生激活后增强效应(PAP);低氧低强度抗阻练习效果更好。
[Abstract]:Objective: to observe the effects of an acute normoxic high intensity resistance exercise, hypoxic high intensity resistance exercise and low oxygen low intensity resistance exercise on PAPs and muscle recruitment after activation. To explore the mechanism of hypoxic resistance exercise on neuromuscular recruitment to PAP. Methods: a total of 12 subjects were enrolled in the study. They completed the normoxic high intensity resistance exercises 901RM, 3 / group, interval 90 seconds, hypoxia (altitude), high intensity resistance exercises (same oxygen) and hypoxia low intensity resistance exercises 451RM, 6 / group, respectively. In three groups, the integral myoelectric activity of CMJ was measured before and after the exercise, and the maximum isometric contraction. Study 2: 7 subjects performed three kinds of resistance exercises at intervals of one week. The CMJ height was measured before and after the exercise, and the maximal equal-length contraction test, the peak moment of extension knee, recorded the myoelectric activity of the rectus femoris muscle, lateral femoral muscle and medial femoris muscle at the same time. The rate of force development is analyzed, and the electromechanical delay (EMD) is obtained. Results: first, the subjects had the activation enhancement effect on the test height of squatting jump after normoxic high intensity resistance exercise, hypoxic high intensity resistance exercise and low oxygen low intensity resistance exercise. From the height of the squat jump test, The height of CMJ immediately after hypoxic low strength resistance exercise (56.1 卤4.4 cm / p 0.05) was significantly higher than that of hypoxic high intensity resistance exercise (52.6 卤4.8 cm / p 0.05) and the CMJ height of 53.1 卤4.8 cm / min after hypoxic and high intensity resistance exercise. The CMJ height was 58.4 卤5.5 cm / min after hypoxic and low intensity resistance exercise. The height of CMJ was 55.9 卤5.8cm ~ (-1) cm ~ (-1) (P = 0.05), which was significantly higher than that of normal oxygen and high strength resistance exercises 8 minutes later. The results of integral electromyography showed that the muscle recruitment of the left leg rectus femoris muscle in the squat jump test was significantly higher than that in the 4 minutes after hypoxic and low intensity resistance exercises (2983.2 卤1489.3p0.05) and in the 12-minute exercise (3447.8 卤1894.7p0.05), respectively, compared with 4 minutes after hypoxic high intensity resistance exercise (1959.7 卤445.7p0.05) and 12 minutes after hypoxia high intensity resistance exercise (2131.8 卤761.7p0.05p0.05). Study 2: the torque data of isometric muscle strength test showed that only after hypoxic and low intensity resistance exercises did the enhancement effect after activation. The EMD value of 12 minutes after hypoxic and low intensity resistance exercise was 73.14 卤4.15 Ms / p 0.05), which was significantly lower than that of 12 min EMD value of 98.14 卤10.19 Ms / min after normoxic high intensity exercise. Conclusion: normal oxygen high strength resistance exercise, hypoxia high intensity resistance exercise and low oxygen low strength resistance exercise can all produce the enhancement effect after activation, and hypoxia and low intensity resistance exercises have better effect.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.2

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