衰老对迈步启动时身体动态姿势稳定性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-02 00:29

本文选题：衰老 + 足底压力中心　；参考：《天津体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:本研究通过观察受试者在应对外部干扰时,身体质量中心(Center of mass,COM)和足底压力中心(Center of pressure,COP)的变化规律,探讨成年人与老年人维持身体姿势动态稳定性的特征,为评价跌倒风险提供有价值的基础实验依据。方法:本研究的实验对象是六名健康老年人和六名健康成年人,其中实验组老年人的年龄范围在55-65岁,对照组成年人的年龄范围在20-29岁。实验条件分为两种:第一种实验条件为站立支持面保持静止,不发生移动干扰;第二种实验条件为站立支持面发生水平方向的向前移动。实验中利用Kistler三维测力台系统,足底压力开关以及三维加速度计等仪器记录受试者在迈步启动时身体的质量中心(COM)和足底压力中心(COP)的变化规律。结果:1.在外部干扰条件下,迈步动作中老年人在站立前期所用时间显著小于成年人,老年人在迈步阶段所用时间显著大于成年人,在站立后期和摆动期老年人所用时间与成年人无显著性差异。在水平干扰条件下站立前期和迈步期所用时间显著大于静止条件,在站立后期和摆动期无显著性差异。2.在左右方向上,在迈步动作中不同组别和不同实验条件下各个时期的COP位移轨迹无显著性差异。在前后方向上,站立前期最大COP位移老年人显著小于成年组,站立后期最大COP位移和摆动期最大COP位移老年组和成年组无显著性差异。在水平干扰条件下老年人站立后期最大COP位移显著小于静止条件,成年人在站立后期最大COP位移显著大于静止条件,站立前期、摆动期最大COP位移无显著性差异。3.在左右方向上,站立前期COP最大位移速度老年人显著小于成年人,迈步阶段COP平均速度老年人显著小于成年人。在水平干扰条件下站立后期、迈步期COP最大位移速度显著大于静止条件,迈步阶段COP平均速度显著小于静止条件。在前后方向上,老年人在站立后期COP最大位移速度显著小于成年人,在水平干扰条件下站立后期COP最大位移速度显著大于静止条件。4.在左右方向上,老年人在站立后期、摆动期的最大加速度显著小于成年人。在水平干扰条件下站立前期最大加速度、摆动期最大加速显著大于静止条件。在前后方向上,老年人在摆动期最大加速度显著小于成年人。在水平干扰条件下迈步阶段各个时期加速度与静止条件无显著差异。5.站立前期最大加速度在年龄因素的影响下与COP移动轨迹有高度相关性。结论:衰老导致身体维持平衡的能力下降,在整个迈步阶段老年人通过增加身体的移动幅度来保持其动态平衡。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the characteristics of maintaining dynamic stability of body posture between adults and the elderly by observing the changes of body mass center of mass control and plantar pressure center of pressure COP4 when the subjects were coping with external disturbance. To provide valuable experimental basis for evaluation of fall risk. Methods: six healthy elderly and six healthy adults were enrolled in this study. The age ranges from 55 to 65 years in the experimental group and 20-29 years in the control group. The experimental conditions can be divided into two types: the first condition is that the standing support surface remains stationary and no movement interference occurs; the second is the horizontal forward movement of the standing support surface. In the experiment, the changes of body mass center (com) and plantar pressure center (Cop) were recorded by means of Kistler system, plantar pressure switch and three-dimensional accelerometer. The result is 1: 1. Under the condition of external disturbance, the time of the elderly in the early stage of standing was significantly shorter than that in the adult, and the time of the elderly in the stepping stage was significantly longer than that of the adult. There was no significant difference in the time used between the elderly and the adults in the late standing period and the oscillating period. Under the condition of horizontal disturbance, the time of early standing and stepping stage was significantly longer than that of static condition, but there was no significant difference between standing stage and swing period. In the left and right directions, there is no significant difference in COP displacement trajectories between different groups and different experimental conditions. In the front and back direction, the maximum COP displacement of the elderly in the early stage of standing was significantly lower than that of the adult group, but there was no significant difference between the elderly group and the adult group in the maximum COP displacement in the late stage of standing and the maximum COP displacement in the swing period. Under the condition of horizontal disturbance, the maximum COP displacement of the elderly in the late stage of standing was significantly lower than that of the rest condition, and that of the adult in the late stage of standing was significantly higher than that of the rest condition. There was no significant difference in the maximum COP displacement in the early stage of standing and the period of swing. 3. In the left and right directions, the maximum displacement velocity of COP in the elderly in the early stage of standing was significantly lower than that in the adult, and the average velocity of COP in the walking stage was significantly lower in the elderly than in the adult In the late stage of standing under the condition of horizontal disturbance, the maximum displacement velocity of COP in walking phase is significantly higher than that in static condition, and the average velocity of COP in walking stage is significantly lower than that in static condition. In the front and rear directions, the maximum displacement velocity of COP in the elderly was significantly lower than that of the adults in the late stage of standing, and the maximum displacement velocity of COP in the late stage of standing was significantly higher than that of the rest condition under horizontal disturbance. In the left and right directions, the maximum acceleration of the elderly in the late stage of standing was significantly lower than that of the adults. Under the condition of horizontal disturbance, the maximum acceleration in the early stage of standing and the maximum acceleration in the swing period are significantly higher than those in the static condition. In the front and rear direction, the maximum acceleration of the elderly in the swinging period is significantly lower than that of the adults. There is no significant difference between acceleration and static condition in every step phase under the condition of horizontal disturbance. The maximum acceleration in the early stage is highly correlated with the COP trajectory under the influence of age. Conclusion: aging leads to a decrease in the ability of the body to maintain balance, and the elderly maintain their dynamic balance by increasing the movement range of the body.
【学位授予单位】：天津体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.2

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