5周不同模式的训练对短跑专项男生无氧能力及血液生化指标的影响

发布时间：2018-05-04 01:37

本文选题：功率自行车 + 无氧能力　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:实验将POWERMAX-VII功率自行车内置训练与短跑的常规训练相结合,观察五周的训练是否对受试者的无氧能力产生良好影响,从而提出一种新的、可行的训练手段。根据个体自身能力不同,进行训练负荷值的设定,避免了传统训练中不同训练者采用单一荷值的影响,解决对运动员的运动量,运动强度完成效果的无法明确掌握的问题。观察受试者实验前后的血乳酸、肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酐的变化,观察不同的训练模式对受试者血清中各种酶活性的影响。研究方法:选取体育专业学生36名为研究对象,随机均分为4组,选取体育学院2014级田径班短跑100米专项的男生。最终32人完成本实验。实验组受试者进行功率自行车训练和短跑的常规训练,对照组一受试者只进行功率自行车训练训练,对照组二受试者只进行短跑的常规训练,对照组三受试者则不参与任何训练。在各自训练前,用POWERMAX-VII统一测试实验对象的最大无氧能力。之后进行为期五周的不同模式的训练。功率自行车训练每周4次,每次进行5组满负荷、2组中负荷训练,短跑的常规训练每周4次,每次30m*3次,60m*2次,80m*1次,100m*1次。五周不同模式的训练后,重新测试4组对象的最大无氧能力。实验前和数周训练结束后,各分3次抽取每组8名对象的肘静脉血4ml,第1次取样在受试者训练前的安静状态,第2次取样在受试者参与运动后即刻,第3次取样在受试者运动后静坐休息2-5分钟内。取血样后分离血清,仪器检测血清中的血乳酸、肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酐水平。实验结果:(1)实验前后,将两种训练方式结合的实验组受试者最大无氧能力的提高大于只进行功率自行车训练和只进行跑的常规训练受试者的最大无氧能力,而对照组一受试者最大无氧能力的提高又大于对照组二受试者的无氧能力,不训练的受试者实验前后最大无氧能力没有明显变化。(2)4受试者运动恢复后的血清肌酸激酶CK、肌酐Cr活性高于安静时及运动后即刻2-5min内(P0.01),具有非常显著性差异;乳酸脱氢酶LDH活性高于安静时(P0.05),具有显著性差异。(3)除对照组三外,其他三组受试者运动后即刻2-5min内血乳酸值高于安静时及运动恢复后血乳酸值(P0.01),有非常显著性差异。而实验组实验后血乳酸值高于对照一组、对照二组血乳酸值。对照一组受试者功率自行车全力运动后血乳酸值升高程度较对照二组受试者中等强度运动后血乳酸升高程度高。结论:(1)不同模式的训练后,四组受试者一级负荷值都没有提高,对照组三受试者实验前后无氧能力、血清Cr、CK、LDH活性及血乳酸值没有变化。(2)功率自行车训练与短跑的常规训练结合的模式,实验组受试者的无氧能力提高非常显著,各组间受试者无氧能力提高程度实验组对照组一对照组二。(3)参与训练的三组受试者运动后即刻2-5min内血清Cr、LDH酶的活性较实验前安静状态明显提高,次日晨空腹后的测定值与安静状态值相差无几,受试者酶活性提高程度实验组对照组一对照组二。(4)参与训练的三组受试者运动即刻2-5min内CK值有所升高,差异不明显,但次日空腹值与安静状态比有非常显著性差异。(5)参与训练的三组受试者运动即刻2-5min内LA值低于安静状态,有显著性差异,较次日空腹更低,但没有明显差异。对照组一受试者较对照组二受试者运动后即刻LA值达到较高值,但恢复后的测定值与安静时的值相差无几。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to combine the POWERMAX-VII power bicycle training with the routine training of sprint to observe whether the training of five weeks has a good influence on the anaerobic ability of the subjects. Thus a new and feasible training method is put forward. The training load is set according to the individual's own ability, and the traditional training is avoided. Different trainers use the influence of single load value to solve the problem that the athletes' movement and the effect of exercise intensity can not be clearly understood. The changes of blood lactic acid, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine are observed before and after the experiment, and the effects of different training modes on the activity of various enzymes in the serum of the subjects are observed. Method: 36 students of sports major were selected and divided into 4 groups randomly, and the male students of 100 meters in the 2014 track and field class of sports college were selected. The final 32 people completed the experiment. The experimental group was trained by the power bicycle training and sprint. The control group was trained only by the power bicycle training, and the control group was two. The subjects were only routinely trained for sprint. The three subjects in the control group did not participate in any training. Before their training, the maximum anaerobic ability of the subjects was tested by POWERMAX-VII. After five weeks of training in different modes, the power bicycle training was 4 times a week, and the 2 groups of medium load training and sprint were carried out each time. The routine training was 4 times a week, 30m*3 times, 60m*2 times, 80m*1 times, and 100m*1 times. After five weeks of training, the maximum oxygen free ability of the 4 groups was retested. After the experiment and the weeks of training, the elbow vein blood of 8 subjects in each group was extracted from each group 3 times, and the first samples were taken in the quiet state before the subjects' training, and the second samples were sampled at the end of the training. The participants took part in the exercise immediately after the exercise, and the third samples took the rest for 2-5 minutes after the subjects' exercise. After taking the blood samples, the serum was separated and the blood lactic acid, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine levels in the serum were detected by instrument. The results were as follows: (1) the maximum anaerobic ability of the participants in the experimental group of the two training formulas was increased before and after the experiment. The maximum anaerobic ability of the subjects with only the power bicycle training and the only routine training was carried out, while the maximum anaerobic ability of the subjects in the control group was higher than that of the two subjects in the control group. The maximum anaerobic ability of the subjects before and after the training was not significantly changed. (2) the serum muscle of the 4 subjects after the exercise was restored. The activity of acid kinase CK and creatinine Cr was higher than that in quiet and immediately after 2-5min (P0.01). The activity of lactate dehydrogenase LDH was higher than that of quiet time (P0.05), with significant difference. (3) except for control group three, the value of lactate in 2-5min within the rest of the three subjects was higher than that in quiet time and after exercise recovery (P). 0.01) there was a very significant difference. The blood lactic acid value in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group and compared with the two groups of lactic acid. The increase of the blood lactic acid in the control group was higher than that of the control group after the full exercise of the two groups. Conclusion: (1) after the training of different models, the four groups were subjected to the training of different models. The value of the first class load did not increase, the three subjects in the control group had no oxygen ability before and after the experiment, and there was no change in serum Cr, CK, LDH activity and blood lactic acid value. (2) the mode of combination of power bicycle training and sprint training, the improvement of oxygen free ability of the experimental group was very significant, and the experimental group had no oxygen improvement in the experimental group. In the control group, the control group was two. (3) the serum Cr and LDH enzyme activity in the three groups of the three subjects who participated in the training were significantly higher than those before the experiment. The test values of the following morning after the morning fasting were different from those in the quiet state, and the enzyme activity improvement of the subjects in the experimental group was two. (4) the three groups of subjects participated in the training. There was no significant difference in the CK value within 2-5min at immediate 2-5min, but there was a significant difference between the next day's fasting value and the quieter state. (5) the LA values of the participants in the training group were lower than those in the quiet state, and there was a significant difference, compared with the lower fasting in the next day, but there was no significant difference. The control group was two of the subjects compared with the control group. Immediately after exercise, the LA value reached a higher value, but the measured value after recovery was almost the same as that at quiet time.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G822.1;G804.7

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