大学生田径运动员原地纵跳时下肢力量的对比分析及力学参数的相关性研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 18:10

本文选题：大学生田径运动员 + 原地纵跳　；参考：《首都体育学院学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：为探索田径3种(跑步类、跳跃类、投掷类)不同类别运动员的下肢力量力学参数之间的相关性和差异性,运用文献资料法、实验法等,通过使用Kistler测力台,关节角度尺和节拍器等,对96名男子田径二级运动员依次进行CMJ、CJs、CJb 3个动作的纵跳测试。结果:1)CMJ测试结果显示,跳跃类运动员和投掷类运动员的起跳最大高度指标、功率指标均存在显著差异,跑步类运动员和跳跃类运动员的拉伸效果指标存在显著差异;而其他指标包括下蹲最大高度、瞬时力值和快肌纤维百分比,均未见显著性差异。2)CJs测试中,跑步类项目运动员和跳跃类项目运动员的平均高度指标呈现非常显著的差异,跳跃类项目运动员与跑步类和投掷类的平均功率指标均呈现显著差异性;而跑步类项目运动员与投掷类运动员的平均功率未见显著差异,且其他指标比较均未见显著差异。3)CJb测试中,跑步类和跳跃类项目运动员、跳跃类和投掷类项目运动员的平均高度指标具有非常显著差异,跳跃类与跑步类项目运动员的平均功率指标具有非常显著差异,跑步类和跳跃类项目运动员的平均力值呈显著差异,其他指标均未见显著差异。结论:1)跳跃类项目运动员的下肢力量相对好于跑步类和投掷类。2)3类运动员都存在着膝关节及踝关节功能弱于髋关节功能的现象。3)3类项目运动员在肌肉伸缩循环功能方面没有显著性差异。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the correlation and difference between the mechanical parameters of lower limb strength of three kinds of athletes (running, jumping and throwing), the method of literature and experiment was used, and the Kistler dynamometer was used. The joint angle ruler and metronome were used to test the longitudinal jump of 96 male athletes in track and field. Results the results of the CMJ test showed that there were significant differences in the maximum height index and power index between jumpers and throwers, and there were significant differences in stretching effect between runners and jumpers. However, there was no significant difference in the mean height between runners and jumpers in the CJs test, including the maximum squat height, the instantaneous force and the percentage of fast muscle fibers. There were significant differences in average power indexes between jumping athletes and runners and throwers, but there was no significant difference in average power between runners and throwers. There was no significant difference in other indexes. The average height indexes of runners, jumping athletes and throwers were significantly different in CJb test. There was a significant difference in the average power index between the jumpers and the runners, but there was no significant difference between the average power values of the runners and the jumpers, and there was no significant difference in the other indexes. Conclusion (1) the lower limb strength of jumping athletes is better than that of runners and throwers. There is a phenomenon that the function of knee joint and ankle joint is weaker than that of hip joint. There was no significant difference in energy.
【作者单位】：首都体育学院;北京教育学院;
【分类号】：G804.49

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