篮球原地单手肩上投篮技术动作的生物力学特征分析

发布时间：2018-05-15 11:40

本文选题：原地单手肩上投篮 + 肌电学　；参考：《西安体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:原地单手肩上投篮是所有投篮技术的基础,也是衡量体现一个运动员基本功是否扎实的重要标志。另外,据统计一场正规的国际级比赛,队员与队员之间的身体对抗有350次左右。对抗的次数越多,侵人犯规的可能性就越高,运动员罚球的次数也就越多。本研究通过对西安体育学院篮球专项运动员的8名队员的原地单手肩上投篮这一技术动作(罚球)进行研究,本研究旨在探讨篮球运动员原地单手肩上投篮的技术动作过程,寻找出篮球运动员在投篮过程中上下肢各关节在运动学参数方面的规律,以及在投篮过程中发力肌肉放电的先后顺序、持续时间等数据,在平时的教学实践和运动训练中为运动员熟练运用投篮技术提供理论参考依据。方法:1文献资料法,通过阅读相关文献资料对与本研究的选题依据、意义、目的、方法的相关信息作出较为详尽的归纳与综合。2实验法,本研究在使用表面肌电遥测仪与高速摄像相结合的基础上,测试出原地单手肩上投篮投篮过程中主要用力肌肉的发力规律,肌肉的放电先后顺序等数据。利用高速摄像系统,测试出主要运动关节的角度变化范围,角速度,以及关节的伸展时间,找出其中的规律。3数理统计法,运用OFFICE、Excel等软件对所测数据进行平均数和标准差的处理与计算。结果:1.根据实验动作的阶段划分,持球上举阶段所用的时间为0.68s,球出手阶段所用的时间为0.36秒。持球上举过程所用的时间大于球出手阶段。2.在整个投篮过程中,关节角度变化幅度最大的是肘关节为61.76°,最小的是髋关节为15.13°。平均角速度最大的是肘关节为172.2°/s,最小的是髋关节14.5°/s,关节伸展时间最长短的是肘关节为0.36s。3.在整个单手肩上投篮过程中,最先开始放电的是左右腿的股直肌、左右腿腓肠肌,最后放电的是肱三头肌。肌肉放电开始的先后顺序为:左右腿股直肌、左右腿腓肠肌→三角肌→肱二头肌→背阔肌→腹直肌→肱三头肌。4.在持球上举阶段,下肢的主要用力肌肉是左右腿腓肠肌,左右腿股直肌,上肢的主要用力肌肉为三角肌和肱二头肌。球出手阶段下肢的主要用力肌肉为左右腿腓肠肌,上肢为三角肌和肱三头肌。结论:1.原地单手肩上投篮技术动作的用力顺序是自下而上的。在投篮过程中,下肢所测肌肉最先发力,力量自下而上向上传递,上肢肱三头肌最后发力,完成整个投篮动作过程。2.在整个投篮过程中,下肢所测肌肉中,左右腿腓肠肌持续发力的时间最长且用力程度较大,是下肢的主要工作肌肉。上肢所测肌肉中,三角肌和肱三头肌的用力程度较大,是上肢的主要用力肌肉。3.在投篮过程中,与其他所测关节相比,肘关节具有平均角速度最大,关节角度伸展幅度最大,和伸展时间最短的特点。4.在原地单手肩上投篮过程中,髋关节角速度和关节变化幅度都是最小的,它是连接人体上下肢各个关节的中心功能区,在投篮过程中保持髋关节的相对稳定,有利于动作的稳定性和动作过程的前后衔接。
[Abstract]:Objective: the one hand shot on the shoulder is the basis of all shooting skills, and it is also an important sign to measure the basic skills of an athlete. In addition, according to the statistics of a regular international competition, the physical confrontation between the players and the players is about 350 times. The more the number of confrontations, the higher the possibility of invading the fouls, the more the athletes are punished. The more times of the ball, the research through the study of the technical movement (free throw) of the 8 players of the basketball players of Xi'an Physical Education University, the technical action of the basketball players on the one hand shoulder to shoot, and to find out the basketball players' upper and lower limbs in the course of shooting. The law of joint in kinematics parameters, and the sequence of muscle discharge in the course of shooting, and the duration and so on. In the ordinary teaching practice and exercise training, it provides the theoretical reference for the skillful use of shooting skills for the athletes. Method: 1 document data method, through the reading of relevant documents and the selection of the study On the basis of the combination of surface myoelectric telemetering instrument and high speed camera, the main force law of muscle force and the sequence of muscle discharge in the process of shooting the basket on the one hand shoulder are tested. Speed camera system, test the range of angle change, angular velocity, and extension time of joint, find out the law of.3 mathematical statistics, use OFFICE, Excel and other software to deal with and calculate the average and standard deviation of the measured data. Results: 1. according to the stage division of the experiment action, the stage of holding the ball is used. The time of 0.68s is 0.36 seconds. The time of holding the ball on the ball is greater than that of.2. in the whole shooting stage. The maximum joint angle change is the elbow joint is 61.76 degrees, the smallest is the hip joint 15.13 degrees. The average angular velocity is the elbow joint of 172.2 /s, the smallest is the hip joint. 14.5 /s, the longest joint extension time is the elbow joint for the 0.36s.3. in the whole single hand on the shoulder shooting process, the first start discharge is the right and left thighs rectus femoris, the left and right gastrocnemius muscles, the final discharge is the triceps brachii muscle, the sequence of muscle discharge begins: the right and right leg rectus femoris, the left and right gastrocnemius, the biceps brachii. The latissimus dorsi, the rectus abdominis muscle and the triceps brachii.4. in the holding stage, the main muscles of the lower extremities are the left and right gastrocnemius muscles, the right and left thighs, the main muscles of the upper limbs are the deltoid and the biceps. The main muscle of the lower limbs is the left and right gastrocnemius muscles, the upper limb is the deltoid and the triceps. 1. In the course of shooting, the muscles of the lower extremities are the first to force, the strength from lower to upper, the last force of the triceps of the upper limb, and the whole shooting process of the.2. in the whole shooting process, the longest time of the force of the left and right gastrocnemius muscles in the muscles of the lower limbs. It is the main working muscle of the lower extremities. In the muscles measured by the upper limb, the force of the deltoid and the triceps is greater. It is the main force muscle of the upper limb,.3. in the course of shooting. Compared with the other joints, the elbow joint has the highest average angular velocity, the maximum range of joint angle, and the shortest extension time. Point.4. in the process of shooting on the original single hand shoulder, the angular velocity of the hip joint and the range of joint change are the smallest. It is the central function area connecting the joints of the lower and lower limbs of the human body. It keeps the relative stability of the hip joint during the shooting process, which is beneficial to the stability of the movement and the connection of the action process.

【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841

【相似文献】