对世界优秀男子网球运动员双手反拍击球技术的运动学分析

发布时间：2018-05-17 23:42

本文选题：网球 + 双手反拍　；参考：《成都体育学院》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在网球运动中,反拍击球技术是最常用的技术动作之一,尤其是在底线的僵持中,双方选手都会朝着对方弱点回球,因为大多数网球选手的反拍技术都没有正手技术有威力,那么反拍区域就成为了对方主要进攻的方向,双手反拍击球技术是反拍击球技术当中的一种。本文主要采用三维摄像解析法、数理统计法对参加2014年中国网球公开赛的世界优秀网球选手德约科维奇、纳达尔、穆雷、西里奇四位选手的双手反拍击球技术动作进行运动学分析。找出四名网球运动员共同的技术特征,揭示优秀网球运动员双手反拍击球技术动作的运动学特点,且把符合运动生物力学原理的部分建立运动学技术模型,为教练员、运动员的技术训练提供一些参考数据,同时丰富网球技术理论。通过对2014年中国网球公开赛四位参赛选手的反拍击球技术动作进行测试,并对所获取的运动学参数分析得出如下结论:在后摆引拍阶段,从德约科维奇、纳达尔、穆雷、西里奇四位选手的膝关节、髋关节角度都比较大,重心比较高;在引拍结束时刻右肘关节角度都达到了最大值,说明手臂伸展的比较开,纳达尔的肩关节角度相对其他三位选手最大,抬肘更为明显;在引拍结束时刻,四位选手都保持了较高的手腕线速度和球拍的拍头速度,德约科维奇的左腕关节线速度为1.94m/s,右腕关节线速度为1.75m/s,球拍的拍头速度为4.44m/s;纳达尔的左腕关节线速度为1.73m/s,右腕关节线速度为1.90m/s,球拍的拍头速度为4.09;穆雷的左腕关节线速度为2.63m/s,右腕关节线速度为2.13m/s,球拍的拍头速度为5.57m/s;西里奇的左腕关节线速度为2.66m/s右腕关节线速度为1.95m/s,球拍的拍头速度为5.59m/s,有利于在接下来的击球中打出更快的球速。在挥拍击球阶段,从髋、膝关节角度发现,球员的身体重心高度都在逐渐升高,说明在击球过程中,都利用了下肢的蹬伸力量;德约科维奇、纳达尔的肩关节角度相对穆雷、西里奇要大,说明德约科维奇与纳达尔在击球时击球点的位置离身体较远,使得身体更为舒展,有利于更好的发力;德约科维奇身体扭转的幅度为54.1°,纳达尔为43.1°,穆雷为52.8°,西里奇为33.7°,西里奇的身体转动的幅度最大,充分的利用了身体转动的所产生的力量;在挥拍击球的过程中各关节的速度都在不断的增大,当球拍接触球的那一瞬间,各关节的速度达到了最大值。在击球随挥阶段,四位选手的肩关节角度从球拍触球时刻到随挥结束时刻几乎都在增大,尤其是表现在左肩关节角度方面最为明显,说明四位选手在此阶段肘部抬的较高;肘关节角度都在减小,说明在随挥过程中有明显的往前推球的动作,延长了球拍作用于球的时间,提高了对球的控制;德约科维奇的身体扭转幅度为63.4°,纳达尔的身体扭转幅度为60.7°,穆雷的身体扭转幅度为66.6°,西里奇的身体扭转幅度为54.7°,四位选手的身体扭转幅度都比较大,符合随挥动作幅度大、长距离的原则。
[Abstract]:In tennis, backbeat technique is one of the most commonly used technical movements, especially in the deadlock of the bottom line. Both players will return to the opponent's weakness, because most tennis players have no forehand skills. Then the backbeat area becomes the main direction of the opponent's attack, and the hands fight against the ball. The technique is one of the anti beat batting techniques. This paper mainly adopts the three-dimensional photography analysis and mathematical statistics to analyze the kinematics of the hands backbeat technique of the four players of the world tennis players, Djokovic, Nadal, Murray, and xidic, who participated in the 2014 China Open tennis match. Four tennis players were found out. The same technical features reveal the kinematic characteristics of the backbeat technical movements of the excellent tennis players, and set up a kinematic technology model which conforms to the principles of the sports biomechanics, and provide some reference data for the coaches and athletes' technical training, and enrich the tennis ball technology theory. Through the 2014 China Open Tennis tournament. The four contestants were tested on the backbeat technique and obtained the following conclusions: in the backswing stage, the knee joints of the four players from Djokovic, Nadal, Murray, and sill were both higher in the hip joints and higher in the hip joints; at the end of the beat, the angle of the right elbow joint was up to the end. To the maximum, it showed that the arm extension was more open. Nadal's shoulder angle was the largest of the other three players, and the elbow was more obvious. At the end of the beat, the four players maintained high wrist line speed and racket head speed, Djokovic's left wrist line speed was 1.94m/s, and the right wrist joint line speed was 1.75m/. S, the beat speed of the racket is 4.44m/s, Nadal's left wrist line speed is 1.73m/s, the right wrist joint line speed is 1.90m/s, the beat head speed of the racket is 4.09; the Murray's left wrist joint line velocity is 2.63m/s, the right wrist joint line speed is 2.13m/s, the racket is 5.57m /s, and the line speed of the left wrist joint is 2.66m/s right wrist joint. The line speed is 1.95m/s, the beat speed of the racket is 5.59m/s, which is beneficial to the faster ball speed in the next batting. In the swing stage, from the hip and knee angle, the height of the body's body center of gravity is increasing gradually, indicating that in the course of hitting the ball, the pedal force of the lower extremities is used; Djokovic, Nadal's shoulder clearance is used. The point of view is larger than Murray and sill, which shows that Djokovic and Nadal are far away from the body when they hit the ball, making the body more stretched and beneficial to a better force; Djokovic's body is 54.1 degrees, Nadal is 43.1, Murray is 52.8, and sily 33.7, and sily's body rotates. The maximum, full use of the force produced by the body's rotation; the speed of each joint in the process of hitting the ball is constantly increasing. When the bat touches the ball, the speed of the joints reaches the maximum. At the stage of hitting the ball, the angle of the four players' shoulder joints from the racket touch the ball moment to the end moment of the swing. All of them are increasing, especially in the angle of the left shoulder joint, which indicates that the four players lift the elbow higher at this stage; the angle of the elbow is reduced, indicating that there is an obvious forward push in the course of the swing, prolonging the time of the racket to act on the ball, and improving the control of the ball; Djokovic's body torsion. The amplitude of the body torsion is 63.4 degrees, Nadal's body torsion amplitude is 60.7 degrees, Murray's body torsion amplitude is 66.6, and the torsional amplitude of the body is 54.7 degrees. The four players' body torsion is large, which is in accordance with the principle of large amplitude and long distance.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G845

【相似文献】