清华附中铅球运动员投掷技术的运动学分析

发布时间：2018-05-18 06:22

本文选题：清华附中 + 铅球　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：铅球是众多田径运动项目之中的一项重器械投掷项目,推铅球运动可以增强增强人的体质,以及发展躯干和上下肢力量有非常好的作用。虽然投掷铅球的技术动作相对简单,但它却是特别难以掌握的一项技术,如果要取得优秀的运动成绩,就必须要求铅球运动员将足够多、足够大的力量作用在铅球上面,保证铅球得到很大的加速度,所以,这对于运动员的要求就是运动员本身就必须拥有非常大的力量,与此同时也要求运动员必须完美的完成铅球投掷技术动作,尽可能把铅球投的更远。因此,只有找到更加合理有效的铅球投掷动作,这样才会进一步加快铅球运动员推铅球技术的不断改进以及不断提高铅球运动成绩。根据投掷铅球的运动学原理,影响铅球飞行远度的因素主要有:铅球出手高度、铅球出手角度以及铅球出手速度。其次铅球运动员的技术特征如滑步速度和滑步距离也会影响最后成绩,通过对运动员滑步速度和滑步距离的比较分析和对铅球运动员完整技术不同动作阶段所占时间比例也可以得出部分结论,投掷铅球最关键的部分是最后用力部分,通过分析铅球运动员最后用力阶段不同肢体环节技术特征的分析可以得出每名铅球运动员的最后用力技术的特点,铅球投掷过程中运动员身体各关节角度、身体重心和铅球速度之间的变化也是值得研究的,铅球运动员的完整技术都会有不同的地方,通过对铅球运动员完整技术有关数据参数的分析得到每名铅球运动员各自的特点。本次的研究采取高速摄像的方式获取清华附中五名铅球运动员投掷铅球全过程的影像资料,对这五名铅球运动员各自的技术特点进行了非常全面的诊断描述以及充分的比较分析,采用了文献资料法、专家访谈法和数理统计法等多种科研方法,通过对高速摄像机拍摄的影像资料进行认真仔细的分析,得出了一些铅球投掷远度的影响因素,可以为我国少年铅球运动员以后的铅球投掷技术训练以及我国后备人才的培养提供一定的理论参考。1、清华附中铅球运动员的铅球投掷技术较好,滑步动作快,技术衔接好,水平较高,出手速度、出手高度和出手角度符合投掷技术原理;2、清华附中五名铅球运动员不同动作阶段相对时间比例分配为:最长、短、稍长的一个比例关系。而且五人的整体技术节奏比较快。但是在铅球投掷圈内所用的时间较长,完整投掷技术的速度节奏比较慢;3、清华附中五名铅球运动员滑步阶段、过渡阶段和最后用力阶段相对时间比例分配为:最长、短、稍长的一个比例关系,符合投掷技术的原理。五人的整体技术节奏比较快,但是在投掷圈内所用时间较长,完整投掷技术的速度节奏比较慢;4、清华附中五名铅球运动员投掷过程中,身体右侧各关节角度的变化影响了铅球投掷的远度,且存在右腿登伸不充分、投掷臂伸展不充分的情况。
[Abstract]:Shot put is a heavy instrument throwing event in many track and field events. Shot put can enhance people's physique and develop torso and lower extremity strength. Although the technique of throwing shot is relatively simple, it is a technique that is particularly difficult to master. If you want to get good results in sports, you must have enough shot put players and enough strength to act on the shot put. To ensure that the shot gets a great acceleration, so the requirement for the player is that the player must have great strength, and at the same time, the player must complete the shot throwing technique perfectly. Put the shot as far as possible. Therefore, only by finding a more reasonable and effective shot put, can the shot put players improve their shot putting technique and improve their performance. According to the kinematics principle of shot put, the main factors influencing the distance of shot put are: shot height, shot angle and shot speed. Secondly, the technical characteristics of shot put athletes such as sliding speed and distance will also affect the final results. Through the comparison and analysis of the skidding speed and distance of the athletes and the proportion of time in the different action stages of the shot put players' complete technique, some conclusions can be drawn. The most important part of throwing shot put is the final exertion part. By analyzing the technical characteristics of different limb links in the final exertion stage of shot put players, we can get the characteristics of the final exertion techniques of each shot put player, and the angle of each joint of the player's body in the course of shot putting. The change of body center of gravity and shot speed is also worth studying. The complete technique of shot put athletes will have different places. Through the analysis of the relevant data parameters of shot put players' complete technique, the characteristics of each shot put athlete are obtained. In this study, high speed video recording was used to obtain the video data of the whole process of shooting shot put by five shot put athletes in Qinghua affiliated Middle School. The technical characteristics of each of the five shot put athletes are described in a very comprehensive diagnosis and comparative analysis, and various scientific research methods, such as document method, expert interview method and mathematical statistics method, are adopted. Through careful analysis of the video data taken by high-speed cameras, some factors affecting the distance of shot put are obtained. It can provide a certain theoretical reference for the later shot throwing technique training of Chinese juvenile shot put athletes and the cultivation of reserve talents in our country. The shot put throwing technique of the shot put athletes of Tsinghua affiliated middle school is better, the sliding movement is quick, and the technique is well connected. The relative time distribution of five shot put athletes in different action stages of Qinghua affiliated Middle School is as follows: longest, shorter and longer. And the overall technical rhythm of the five is relatively fast. However, the time used in the shot throw circle is longer, the speed rhythm of the complete throwing technique is relatively slow, and the relative time ratio of the five shot-put athletes in the middle school attached to Tsinghua University in the sliding stage, the transition stage and the final exertion stage is the longest and the shorter. A slightly longer proportional relationship that conforms to the principle of throwing techniques. The overall technical rhythm of the five people is relatively fast, but the time used in the throwing circle is longer, the speed rhythm of the complete throwing technique is relatively slow, and the speed of the whole throwing technique is relatively slow. During the throwing process of the five shot put athletes in Qinghua affiliated Middle School, The change of the angle of the right joint affects the distance of shot put, and there exists the situation that the right leg is not sufficient and the throwing arm is not fully stretched.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G824.1

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