新球体时代我国优秀男子乒乓球运动员技战术分析

发布时间：2018-05-22 14:21

本文选题：赛璐珞 + 新球体　；参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：新塑料球投入使用之后,乒乓球的旋转、速度、力量都发生了不同程度的变化。本文利用录像观察法、四段指标评估法、数理统计等方法,对以张继科、马龙、樊振东、许昕为代表的我国优秀男子乒乓球运动员在赛璐珞时代和新球体时代下每人12场比赛,一共48场比赛的技战术进行分析。试图找出新塑料球投入使用后,我国优秀男子乒乓球运动员技战术的变化以及发展趋势。为我国优秀男子乒乓球运动员日后的科学训练提供理论基础以及参考依据。研究得出结果:张继科在新球体投入使用之后,尽管球体的增加使得球在旋转和速度方面有所下降,但由于他发球变化多,所以新球体的使用对张继科发抢段的影响并不大。经录像观察,张继科在接抢方面,通过摆短、拧拉等方法控制对方进攻,给自己在第四板和第六板创造机会。因为新塑料球在材质方面的变化,使得球在旋转、速度等方面的减弱,从理论上看,相持段的使用率应该增加,从实际情况来看发抢后的相持阶段张继科表现积极,能够把握机会,但接抢后的相持阶段略显被动。总体来说,新球体投入使用之后,张继科在重视1、3板的同时,继续发挥2、4板优势,并提高接后相持阶段的能力。新球体投入对于技术稳定的马龙来说影响并不大,虽然球速下降了、旋转也减弱了,但马龙依然以其稳定的技术保持着自己的战绩。经录像观察,马龙发球变化较赛璐珞时代增多,第2板也增加了摆短、劈长等变化,所以马龙在接抢段虽然使用率略有下降,但得分率得到了提高。球在速度和旋转的变化从另一方面也降低了对手接球的难度,使得马龙在发抢后的相持阶段遇到了困难,其在发抢后的相持阶段不论在使用率还是得分率方面均有不同程度地下降。因此相对赛璐珞时代,马龙需要在发抢后积极上手,注意第五板的衔接,提高相持Ⅰ段的使用率及得分率。在新球体投入使用之后,樊振东的发抢段、接抢段的使用率和得分率均有不同程度地下降,与此同时相持Ⅰ段和相持Ⅱ段的得分率都有不同程度地上升。因为新塑料球在使用中球的旋转减弱、速度增加的同时,对经验对临场的发挥都有了更高的要求,对体能也自然而然有了更高地要求。樊振东为新一代小将,在体能方面有着巨大的优势,因此在相持Ⅰ段和相持Ⅱ,樊振东的得分率都有所提高,但也因为年轻,樊振东缺少临场比赛经验,对新球体不熟悉,在变化中没有形成自己的一套完整的技战术。因此建议樊振东在维持出色的体能之下,完善自己的发抢及接发抢战术。许昕在四段的使用率几乎没有什么变化,在这一方面可以说新塑料球对许昕的影响是微乎甚微。新球体投入使用之后,许昕在发抢段的得分率不降反升,说明许昕能够抓住机遇,抢占先机。许昕的弱点十分明显,相持中左手直拍打法在反手防守方面不占优势,容易给对方机会,所以许昕应该加强接抢相持阶段的能力,尤其是变被动为主动的能力,加强反手防御能力,充分发挥正手优势。研究得出结论:新球体使用之后,每位运动员都呈现出不用的状态,对新球体的适应能力也不完全相同。运动员在发抢段更加积极上手,占据主动地位。接抢段由于发球方威胁降低,导致接抢段更加精彩。(1)新塑料球投入使用之后,张继科发抢段的使用率几乎没有变化,接抢段和相持II段使用率下降,相持Ⅰ段使用率明显上升。发抢段和相持II段得分率下降,接抢段和相持Ⅰ段得分率提高。(2)新塑料球投入使用之后,马龙发抢段和相持II段的使用率上升,接抢段和相持Ⅰ段的使用率下降。发抢段的得分率几乎没有变化,接抢段和相持Ⅱ段得分率有所提高,相持Ⅰ段得分率下降。(3)新塑料球投入使用后,樊振东发抢段、接抢段相持Ⅱ段使用率下降,相持Ⅰ段使用率提高。得分率方面,樊振东发抢段、接抢段得分率下降,相持Ⅰ段、相持II段得分率提高。(4)新塑料球投入使用之后,许昕发抢段、接抢段的使用率都有所提高,相持Ⅰ段、相持Ⅱ段使用率都有所下降,但提高与下降的比例都微乎甚微,许昕在新球体时代与赛璐珞时代在四段的使用率方面几乎没有变化。得分率方面,发抢段的得分率提高,接抢段得分率没有变化,相持Ⅰ段的得分率提高,相持Ⅱ段的得分率下降。
[Abstract]:After the new plastic ball is put into use, the rotation, speed and strength of table tennis have changed in varying degrees. This article uses video observation method, four segment index evaluation method, mathematical statistics and other methods, which is represented by Zhang Jike, Malone, Fan Zhendong and Xu Xin in our country's excellent male table tennis players in the celluloid age and the new ball age. 12 games, a total of 48 games of technical and tactical analysis. Try to find out the change and development trend of the skill and tactics of Chinese Excellent Men's table tennis players after the new plastic ball is put into use. It provides the theoretical basis and reference basis for the scientific training of Chinese outstanding men's table tennis players in the future. The results are as follows: Zhang Jike is After the new ball was put into use, the ball's rotation and speed decreased in spite of the increase in the sphere. But because of the many changes in his service, the use of the new ball had little influence on the Zhang Jike's snatching section. After video observation, Zhang Jike controlled the opponent's attack by means of short and twisting, and gave himself to the fourth board. The sixth board creates the opportunity. Because of the change in the material of the new plastic ball, the ball is rotated and the speed is weakened. In theory, the use rate of the stalemate should be increased. From the actual situation, after the stalemate, Zhang Jike is active and can grasp the opportunity. However, the phase of the stalemate after the robbing is slightly passive. Generally speaking, the phase of the stalemate after the robbing is a little passive. After the new ball was put into use, Zhang Jike, while paying attention to the 1,3 board, continued to play the advantage of the 2,4 board and improved the ability to hold the holding stage. The new sphere input was not very important for the technical stable Malone. Although the speed of the ball fell and the rotation had weakened, Maruny ran his own record with his stable technology. The video was recorded. Observation, Malone service changes more than the celluloid era, the second board also increased the short, split length and other changes, so Malone in the grabbing section, although a slight decline in the use rate, but the score has been improved. The ball in speed and rotation changes from the other side also reduced the difficulty of the opponent's reception, making Malone in the stalemate after the stage of snatching. In the celluloid era, Malone needs to be active after the robbing, pay attention to the connection between the fifth boards, improve the use rate and the scoring rate of the first section of the stalemate. After the new ball is put into use, Fan Zhendong's snatching segment and the robbing segment are taken. At the same time, the rate of use and the scoring rate have been reduced in varying degrees. At the same time, the scoring rate of the stalemate I and the stalemate II has been increased in varying degrees. Because the rotation of the ball in the use of the new plastic ball is weakened and the speed increases, it has a higher requirement for the experience of the play and the higher requirements for the physical energy. Fan Zhendong has a great advantage in the physical energy of the new generation, so in the stalemate I and the stalemate II, Fan Zhendong's scoring rate has improved, but because of the young, Fan Zhendong is short of the experience of the game, is not familiar with the new ball, and has not formed a complete set of tactics in the change. Therefore, it is suggested that Fan Zhendong be in the dimension of dimension. In the four paragraph, there is little change in the use rate of Xu Xin. In this respect, the impact of the new plastic ball on Xu Xin is slight. After the new ball is put into use, Xu Xin's scoring rate in the snatching section does not fall back and up, which shows that Xu Xin can seize the opportunity and grab the first place. Machine. Xu Xin's weakness is very obvious. In a stalemate, the left hand beat method does not take advantage of the backhand defense and gives the other side a chance. So Xu Xin should strengthen the ability to grab the stalemate stage, especially the ability to change the passive to the initiative, strengthen the backhand defense ability and give full play to the forehand advantage. The players are not in use, and the adaptability of the new ball is not exactly the same. The athletes are more active in the snatching section and occupy the active position. The receiving segment is more exciting because of the threat of the serving side. (1) after the new plastic ball is put into use, the use rate of Zhang Jike's snatching section is almost unchanged. The use rate of segment and stalemate II segment decreased, the use rate of stalemate I segment increased obviously. The scoring rate of snatm and stalemate II segment decreased, and the score rate of grabbing segment and stalemate I was increased. (2) after the new plastic ball was put into use, the use rate of Malone's snatching section and stalemate II section increased, the use rate of grabbing segment and phase I segment decreased. No change, the score rate of grabbing segment and stalemate II was improved, and the score rate of stalemate I was decreased. (3) after the new plastic ball was put into use, fan Zhen Dong snatching section, the use rate of the second segment of the grabbing segment decreased and the use rate of the stalemate I increased. (4) (4) after the new plastic ball was put into use, the use rate of the grabbing segment has been improved, the holding rate of the holding section has been improved, the use rate of the stalemate II has declined, but the ratio of the increase to the decline is slight, and Xu Xin has almost no change in the use rate of the new ball era and the celluloid age in the four paragraph. The scoring rate increased, and the scoring rate did not change. The score of the first phase of the stalemate was increased and the score of the second phase of the stalemate decreased.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G846

【参考文献】