躯干不同负重方式对人体步行的生物力学影响

发布时间：2018-05-23 11:27

本文选题：运动生物力学 + 负重方式　；参考：《体育学刊》2017年02期

【摘要】：研究躯干采用不同负重方式时人体行走的步态特征,探讨躯干不同负重方式对步态的影响,为日常行走的负重方式的选择或仿生机器人的设计提供参考。选用10名普通男性大学生为受试者,佩戴特制负重架,分别进行躯干基础负重、躯干前负重和躯干后负重3种状态下的行走,采用Kistler三维测力台、Motion红外高速运动捕捉系统同步采集运动学、动力学数据。结果显示,在行走过程中与后负重相比,前负重显著增加了步宽、重心的水平摆动幅度、踝最大背屈角度、最大伸髋角度、最大伸髋力矩、髋正功、最大伸膝力矩、膝负功,显著减小了步长、躯干前后倾幅度、踝最大跖屈力矩。结论认为,人体前负重行走时,具有更小的步长和更大的步宽,会造成更多的能量消耗;躯干的向后倾斜,腰背部肌肉更容易疲劳,长此以往,更容易造成下腰痛的发生;同时,大腿肌肉用力增大,消耗更多的能量,长时间行走,大腿肌肉会更快疲劳;在设计前负重两足步行机器人时也应适当调整相应参数,增大驱动力,满足更多能量消耗。
[Abstract]:To study the gait characteristics of human body walking with different weight-bearing ways of trunk, the influence of different ways of heavy weight on the gait is discussed. It provides reference for the selection of load bearing mode of daily walking or the design of bionic robot. 10 ordinary male college students were selected as subjects and Pedet weight-bearing frame was carried out to carry on the trunk base bearing and trunk respectively. In the 3 state of walking with the front weight and the back weight of the trunk, the Kistler three dimensional force table and the Motion infrared high-speed motion capture system were used to collect the kinematics and dynamics data synchronously. The results showed that in the course of walking, the front weight significantly increased the step width, the horizontal swing amplitude of the center of gravity, the maximum angle of the ankle, the maximum angle of the hip extension, and the maximum hip extension angle. Degree, maximum hip extension torque, hip positive work, maximum extension knee torque, knee negative work, significantly reduced step length, trunk tilt, and ankle maximum flexion moment. Conclusion that the body has smaller step length and greater step width in front weight walking, resulting in more energy dissipation, backward tilting of trunk, and more fatigue in back muscles of the waist and back. In the meantime, it is easier to cause lower back pain; at the same time, the thigh muscles increase, consume more energy, walk for a long time, and the thigh muscles will be tired faster; when the biped walking robot is weighed before the design, the corresponding parameters should be adjusted to increase the driving force to meet more energy consumption.
【作者单位】：北京体育大学运动生物力学教研室;
【基金】：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)
【分类号】：G804.6

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