短期上肢爆发等长训练对柔道选手一般力量表现和力学指标影响

发布时间：2018-05-23 11:33

本文选题：爆发式等长收缩 + 爆发式静力性力量　；参考：《北京体育大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：爆发式等长收缩力量训练(Explosive Isometrics Training)是发展爆发力重要方法和手段。爆发式等长收缩是一种特殊的等长收缩表现形式,与传统的慢速等长收缩不同的是其强调肌肉等长收缩时要更快更强(faster and harder)达到最大力量(MVF)。关于爆发式等长力量训练研究有限,而短期内产生力量表现知之甚少,本研究通过其和传统爆发力训练对比,探究短期2-4周内其力量表现效果,为极短周期职业赛事赛前备战提供理论依据和应用参考。方法：本文选取17名高水平柔道运动员,随机将其分为实验组和对照组,分别进行爆发式等长训练和常规爆发力训练,每周3次,持续4周,在实验前后和第二周进行测试,测试包括一般性场地力量测试、Plyometrics测试以及实验室内生物力学测试。统计学分析结果,比较不同训练对一般性力量表现和力学指标的影响。结果：4周内两种爆发力训练对一般性力量表现、Plyometrics表现并没有显著性效果。2周内两种爆发力训练对静力性测试中生物力学指标(MVF、RFD、 Impulse等)产生效果不同,且存在显著性差异,爆发式等长训练对F-t曲线前半段影响较大,且两者存在非常显著性差异,而后半段消失；但各指标和峰值力建立比值标准化后(%MVF)差异性消失。结论：前人研究表明两种训练方法都可以提高最大力量和爆发力,但本研究表明4周短期训练对一般性力量表现以及Plyometrics表现无显著影响,说明动态力量表现改变需要超过4周或较长时间；两种训练对静力性力量测试的力学指标影响具有差异性,爆发式等长练习对峰值力MVF、RFD以及达到时间都有显著性提高,而常规组影响不显著；在等长收缩F-t曲线前半段各指标两种练习表现出显著性差异,后半段差异消失,表明爆发式等长练习对改善起动力量(50-150ms)具有积极作用；爆发式等长练习在短期内表现出训练高效性具有应用价值,对超短周期(2-4周)训练中提升运动表现提供了理论支撑。虽然两种练习对力学指标影响有差异,但指标标准化后两组结果无显著性差异,说明等长收缩力学指标和峰值力可能存在相关性。
[Abstract]:Explosive Isometrics training is an important method to develop explosive force. Explosive equal-length contraction is a special form of isometric contraction, which is different from the traditional slow isometric contraction in that it emphasizes that muscle isometric contraction should be faster and stronger. The research on explosive equal-length strength training is limited, but little is known about the short-term strength performance. This study compared with the traditional explosive force training to explore the short-term 2-4 weeks of its strength performance effect, To provide the theoretical basis and application reference for the very short-cycle professional events before the match preparation. Methods: seventeen high level judo athletes were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. They were trained with explosive equal length and conventional burst three times a week for 4 weeks. The test was conducted before and after the experiment and the second week. The tests include general site strength tests, Plyometrics tests and laboratory biomechanics tests. The results of statistical analysis were used to compare the effects of different training on general strength performance and mechanical indexes. Results there was no significant effect of two kinds of explosive force training on general strength performance in 4 weeks. 2. 2 weeks later, the two kinds of explosive force training had different effects on biomechanical indexes (Impulse, Impulse, etc.) in static test, and there was significant difference between them. Explosive equal-length training had a great effect on the first half of F-t curve, and there was a significant difference between them, but the latter half disappeared, but the difference of MVFs disappeared after the standardization of the ratio of each index and peak value. Conclusion: previous studies have shown that both training methods can increase maximum strength and explosive power, but this study shows that four weeks of short training has no significant effect on general strength performance and Plyometrics performance. The results showed that the change of dynamic force performance needed more than 4 weeks or longer time, the two kinds of training had different influence on the mechanical index of static strength test, the explosive equal length exercise had significant improvement on the peak force MVFU RFD as well as the time of reaching. The difference between the two indexes in the first half of the equal-length contraction F-t curve was significant, but the difference in the latter half disappeared, which indicated that the explosive equal-length exercise had a positive effect on the improvement of the starting strength (50-150 Ms). Explosive equal-length training is of practical value in short term, which provides theoretical support for improving performance in ultrashort cycle 2-4 weeks training. Although there were differences between the two exercises on the mechanical indexes, there was no significant difference between the two groups after the standardization of the indexes, which indicated that there might be correlation between the mechanical indexes of equal length contraction and the peak force.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G804.6

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