小球运动员左右手配对竞技优势之研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 23:25

本文选题：左手 + 网球　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“三小球”即为乒乓球、羽毛球及网球,这三种球类运动都分为单打及双打,其中双打更追求配合与默契。目前各个国际大赛中,顶尖级运动员多以左右手组合进行配对,成绩也不断上升。现在很多教练会注重培养左手运动员,大部分队伍会找左手运动员进行陪练,这是因为比例较大的右利手运动员对小众群体的左撇子的打法并不是非常熟悉,而且左利手运动员在乒乓球比赛中球的运动轨迹一般很难适应,右利手运动员往往吃了“习惯上”的亏。中国的三小球发展非常迅速,比赛中常常可见羽毛球和乒乓球在决赛时双方都是中国队的球员。在许多大赛中,我们都看到中国组合的双打配对大多为左右手配对组合。所以在乒乓球竞技中,左右手配对的优势显而易见。前人虽对三小球双打打法及左撇子优势方面做了很多相关研究,但以往的研究中对左右手配对运动员的研究极少,尤其关于三小球左右手配对的竞技优势资料更为贫乏,经多方搜集整理后得到了许多相关资料,为完成本研究提供了一定的理论支持。本文为了更突出三小球比赛中左右手配对组合的竞技优势,对其在战术及站位上进行了分析及统计。本文在前人研究的基础上,应用录像观察法、落点区域划分、质量评估标准法、专家访谈法、数据统计法及直接观察法,对体育专选班、专业运动员(国际、国内水平)的左右手配对运动员在双打比赛中的竞技优势进行对比分析,分析左右手配对组合与右右手配对组合在比赛过程中,站位、接发球、比赛中前四拍击球位置及技术运用等进行数据统计。录像观察法主要从三小球在比赛中技、战术方面及接发球落点、站位进行观察。专家访谈法主要对马来西亚和中国的专业的教练进行访谈,了解和学习关于乒、羽、网双打比赛中的技术知识。文章中运用对比分析得出在比赛中左右手配对比右右手配对更有竞技优势,其中有站位上的优势、“习惯上”的优势,球的旋转优势、击球位置及技术运用上的优势。本文主要研究以下几个方面:1.生理机制,大脑两半球对身体两侧肢体运动的生理机制的明显差异;2.左右手配对与右右配对在小球双打比赛中位置轮转上分析,对乒、羽、网双打的站位作对比分析;3.球的旋转,小球在击打后经过与拍面的摩擦产生旋转;4.习惯与不习惯,由于球的旋转与左右配对的站位,右右手配对面对比例小的左右手配对组合的概率小,因而会不习惯及不适应。最后得出以下结论:1.在生理机制上,右脑控制支配左手,右脑善于掌握思维空间想象,左手的神经传导比右手快,所以左右手配对比右右手配更有优势。左右配对乒乓球运动员在站位上因双打比赛规则中两人必须交替击球,在空间位置转换互补上比右右配对更有竞技优势。2.左右配对羽毛球运动员在防守反攻前后站位时,在进攻方面左、右两侧都有进攻的优势;反之右右配对在前后站位进攻时,左侧属于反手弱侧,进攻处于劣势。进攻转防守的左右站位对左右配对和右右配对优势不明显。3.羽毛球的旋转轨迹没有乒乓球和网球旋转性大,无论左、右手运动员击打过来的球,在接球时都不会产生任何变化,故变化性小于乒乓球与网球。4.乒乓球的场地比网球小,节奏更快,加上乒乓球旋转性大,所以左右手配队与右右手配对中,在习惯与不习惯上,左右手较占优势。5.乒乓球双打讲求配合,左右配对有球旋转轨迹以及站位上的优势,两人配合上明显互补性更强且更合理,比右右手配对占有更好的竞技优势。以中国国家队为例,乒乓球队近几年成绩称霸天下是有一定的道理。6.根据三小球左右配对优势进行对比发现,小球左右配对中拥有最佳优势的是乒乓球,接下来是网球,而羽毛球相对来说没有明显的优势。根据结论提出以下建议:1.早期挖掘及注重培养左撇子运动员;2.知己知彼,百战不殆;3.训练时加强以左撇子为训练对象,在平时训练中多以左撇子运动员为训练对象,找出其弱点及打法,以提高竞技水平及成绩;4.了解左右配对的优势,让更多人了解左右手配对的优势,对小球运动产生兴趣,增强人民体质。
[Abstract]:"Three balls" are table tennis, badminton and tennis. The three kinds of ball games are divided into singles and doubles. The doubles are more cooperative and tacit. At present, most of the international competitions are paired with the left and right hands, and the results are rising. Now a lot of coaches will pay attention to the cultivation of left hand athletes and most of the teams. The left handers of the larger proportion are not very familiar with the left handers of the small groups, and the left hand players in the table tennis match are generally difficult to adapt, and the right-hand players often eat the "habit" loss. China's three ball development is not. It is often rapid that badminton and table tennis are often seen in the final of both sides of the Chinese team. In many competitions, we see the Chinese combination doubles match mostly in the left and right pairs. So in the table tennis competition, the advantages of the right and left hands are obvious and easy to see. The predecessors have played three ball doubles and left handers. Many related studies have been done on the advantages, but in the past, there are few studies on the left and right hand pairing athletes, especially about the competitive advantages of the three ball and left hand pairs. Many relevant materials have been obtained after collecting and collated in many ways, which provide some theoretical support for the completion of the study. In the game, the competitive advantage of the combination of the right and left hands is analyzed and analyzed. On the basis of the previous research, the paper uses video observation, the division of the drop points, the standard method of quality assessment, the expert interview, the data statistics and the direct inspection, and the professional athletes (International, domestic water). Compare and analyze the competitive advantage of the left and right hand pairing players in the doubles competition, analyze the data statistics of the pairing combination of the left and right hand pairs and the right hand pair in the competition process, the station position, the serve, the position of the first four shots and the technical use in the competition. The video observation method mainly from the three ball in the game and the tactics. The expert interview method mainly interviewed the professional coaches of Malaysia and China, understood and learned about the technical knowledge of the table tennis, feather, and tennis doubles competition. In this article, the comparative analysis showed that in the competition, the right hand match between right and right hand is more competitive, among which there are advantages on the station. The advantages of "habit", the advantage of "habit", the rotation advantage of the ball, the position of hitting the ball and the advantage of technical application. This paper mainly studies the following aspects: 1. physiological mechanism, the obvious difference of physiological mechanism between the two hemispheres of the brain on body movement on both sides of the body; the analysis of the position rotation of the 2. hand pairing and right right matching in the small ball doubles competition, to table tennis, The position of the double doubles is compared and analyzed; the rotation of the 3. balls, the ball is rotated by the friction of the beat after hitting the ball; 4. habits and unaccustomed, the probability of the pairing of the right and right hands and right and right hand pairs is small because of the rotation of the ball and the right and left position, and the right and right hand pairs are not used and unadapted. Finally, the following conclusion is concluded: 1. On the physiological mechanism, the right brain controls the left hand, the right brain is good at the imagination of the thinking space, the left hand is faster than the right hand, so the left and right hands match the right and right hand to match the right hand. The right and left table tennis players in the station position because of the doubles competition rules two must be handed over, in the space position conversion complementary to right and right match For the more competitive advantage.2., the badminton players have the advantage of attack on both left and right side when the badminton player is in the defensive counter attack. On the other hand, when right and right pair is in the front and back position, the left side belongs to the weak side of the backhand and the attack is at a disadvantage. The left right position of the offensive turn defense is not obvious to the right and right pairing and right right pair.3. The rotating track of badminton has no table tennis and big tennis rotation, no matter the left, right hand players hit the ball, the ball will not change in the ball, so the change is smaller than the table tennis and tennis.4. table tennis ball smaller than tennis, faster pace, plus table tennis rotatory, so the right and left hands match the team and right and right pairs in pairing. In the habit and unaccustomed, the left and right hands are better than the dominant.5. table tennis doubles, the left and right pairs have the ball rotation track and the advantages of the station. The two people are obviously complementary and more reasonable, and have better competitive advantages than right and right hand. Take the Chinese national team for example, the table tennis team has been dominating the world in recent years. A certain reason.6. according to the comparison of the advantages of three small ball pairs, the best advantage of the ball and left side is table tennis, the next is tennis, and the badminton has no obvious advantage. According to the conclusion, the following suggestions are put forward: 1. early excavating and paying attention to the cultivation of left-handed athletes; 2. to know oneself and the other, 3. in the war; 3. In training, the left handers should be strengthened as the training object. In the normal training, the left handed athletes are more training objects, and their weaknesses and methods are found to improve the competitive level and performance. 4. understand the advantages of the right and left pairs, let more people understand the advantages of the right and left hand pairing, the interest in the movement of the ball and the people's physique.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G84

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