激活后增强效应的生理机制、影响因素与应用策略

发布时间：2018-05-29 15:47

本文选题：激活后增强效应 + 爆发力　；参考：《成都体育学院学报》2017年06期

【摘要】：本研究旨在通过对激活后增强效应(PAP)相关研究的综述,厘清PAP背后的生理学机制,阐明影响PAP的关键因素,以期进一步探讨诱发PAP的最佳策略,为我国教练员更好的应用PAP提供参考。研究发现,PAP的机制主要有肌球蛋白调节轻链的磷酸化、神经系统动员高阶运动单位数量增加和肌肉收缩时羽状角的改变。影响PAP的因素包括年龄和性别、肌纤维类型、肌肉长度、训练状态、力量水平以及肌肉激活形式等。其中年龄与PAP呈"倒U型"关系;不同性别之间,男性PAP优于女性;训练水平和力量水平越高,PAP越强烈。目前采用的激活形式主要有静力性最大自主收缩练习和复合性训练。PAP虽然会受到诸多因素的影响,但通过选择针对不同运动员最合理的诱导练习形式,掌握好PAP与疲劳的平衡依然可以最大程度的激活PAP。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to clarify the physiological mechanism behind PAP, clarify the key factors affecting PAP, and further explore the best strategies for inducing PAP through a review of relevant studies on PAPs after activation. For our coaches better application of PAP to provide a reference. The main mechanisms of PAP are myosin modulating the phosphorylation of light chains, increasing the number of high order motor units mobilized by the nervous system and changing the pinnately angle during muscle contraction. Factors affecting PAP include age and sex, muscle fiber type, muscle length, training status, strength level and muscle activation. Among them, the relationship between age and PAP was "inverted U-shaped". Among different genders, male PAP was better than female, and the higher the training level and strength level was, the stronger PAP was. The active forms used at present mainly include static maximal autonomous contraction exercise and compound training. PAP may be influenced by many factors, but by choosing the most reasonable inductive exercise form for different athletes, Mastering the balance between PAP and fatigue can still maximize the activation of PAPs.
【作者单位】：清华大学体育部;
【基金】：清华大学自主科研计划重点项目“高水平短跑运动员速度耐力训练模式的应用研究”(2015THZWD04)
【分类号】：G804.2

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