世界优秀女子20KM竞走运动员不同速度下技术特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 20:37

本文选题：世界优秀女子 + 竞走运动员　；参考：《西安体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:1996年,竞走旧规则的改变对我国传统的“小ki幅,快ki频”的技术风格产生了巨大的冲击,多次在大赛中遭到判罚。近些年,通过对技术的改进,我国竞走运动员技术犯规大幅减少。为了探索其中的原因,本文通过对运动员不同速度下的技术动作进行分析,了解国内外技术现状,对技术特征进行比对分析,归纳总结运动员不同速度下的技术特点,以期为我国竞走运动员技术改进与训练提供保障。研究方法:以8名世界优秀女子竞走运动员为研究对象。采用测试法、数理统计法、访谈法及文献资料调研,对2015年北京田径世锦赛女子20km竞走运动员现场比赛进行全程记录,使用APAS录像解析系统对视频进行数字化处理与分析。研究结果:1.刘虹全程平均步长为1.06m,在中速、高速走条件下,其步长均不及8名运动员的1.10m的平均值。低中速走时重心位移距离为0.08m,高速走时重心位移距离上升为0.10m。低中速走时的腾空时间分别为58ms和75ms,高速走时腾空时间为67ms。2.吕秀芝平均步长为1.07m。中速和高速走时,其步长变化不大,且步长相对较小。低速和中速走时,重心位移距离分别为0.07m和0.10m,高速走时为0.09m。低速和中速走时腾空时间分别为42ms和50ms,高速走时腾空时间为75ms。3.奥利亚诺夫卡平均步长1.12m,中速和高速走时,步长稳定在1.12m上下,高速走时,步长提高到1.16m。低速、中速和高速走时,重心位移距离基本保持在0.10m。低速和中速走时腾空时间分别为42ms和58ms,高速走时腾空时间为58ms。研究结论:1.世界优秀女子20km竞走运动员比赛中,前10km的速度变化不大,技术参数趋于稳定。10-15km表现出明显的变速特征,这与技战术设计与安排密切相关。15-20km则表现出高速走特征,是技术动作优化及发挥的关键期,技术波动较为明显。2.低速下整体前八名运动员的技术动作保持较为稳定,国外运动员步幅都大于1.10m,刘虹和吕秀芝都不足1.10m,我国运动员步长较国外运动员较小,腾空时间八名运动员都保持在47.88ms±10.09ms,在裁判肉眼判罚58ms以内,整体运动员技术表现较好。3.中速条件下,运动员技术动作有不同的表现,刘虹为小步高频,吕秀芝动作较为稳定,但步长有所加大,奥里亚诺夫斯卡两大腿夹角与步长都与慢速的指标基本一致无明显变化,低中速都较为稳定,其他国外选手中速指标变化略有起伏,技术控制有波动。4.高速下刘虹技术特征表现稳定,但步长较短。吕秀芝步长随着速度的增加到1.15m,腾空时间明显增加到75ms,有判罚的危险,高速段技术稳定性较差。奥利亚诺夫斯卡随着速度的增加,步长增加,腾空时间与低中速相近,有较好的技术表现。5.建议我国女子竞走运动员重视后程加速能力的训练,加强髋部灵活性练习,弥补步长不足,通过协调、通过协调及柔韧性练习有效控制高速条件下腾空问题。
[Abstract]:Research objective: in 1996, the change of the old rules of Race Walking had a great impact on the traditional technical style of "small Ki, Fast Ki Frequency" in our country, and was punished many times in the competition. In recent years, through the improvement of technology, the technical fouls of our country's walking athletes have been greatly reduced. In order to explore the reasons, this paper analyzes the technical movements of athletes at different speeds, understands the present situation of technology at home and abroad, compares and analyzes the technical characteristics, and summarizes the technical characteristics of athletes at different speeds. The aim is to provide guarantee for the technical improvement and training of Chinese race walkers. Methods: eight world elite women race walkers were chosen as research objects. By means of test, mathematical statistics, interview and literature investigation, the whole course of the women's 20km race walkers in 2015 Beijing World Athletic Championship was recorded, and the video was digitally processed and analyzed by using the APAS video analysis system. The result of the study was: 1. The average step length of Liu Hong is 1.06m. under the condition of medium speed and high speed, the average step length of Liu Hong is less than the average of 1.10m of 8 athletes. The distance of gravity center displacement is 0.08m when walking at low and medium speed, and 0.10m when walking at high speed. The vacating time of low and medium speed walking is 58ms and 75ms, respectively, and that of high speed walking is 67ms.2. Annette Lu's average step was 1.07m. When walking at medium speed and high speed, the step size is not changed much, and the step length is relatively small. The displacement distance of gravity center is 0.07m and 0.10m at low speed and 0.10m at medium speed, and 0.09m at high speed. The vacationing time at low speed and medium speed is 42ms and 50ms, respectively, and that at high speed walking is 75ms.3. The average step length of Aulia Novka is 1.12m.When walking at medium speed and high speed, the step size is stable at about 1.12m, and the step size increases to 1.16m at high speed. At low speed, medium speed and high speed walking, the center of gravity displacement distance is basically kept at 0.10 m. The vacationing time at low speed and medium speed is 42ms and 58ms, respectively, and the time at high speed walking is 58ms. Conclusion: 1. In the competition of world elite women 20km race walkers, the speed of the former 10km does not change much, and the technical parameters tend to be stable. 10-15km shows obvious characteristics of changing speed, which is closely related to the design and arrangement of techniques and tactics. 15-20km shows the characteristics of high-speed walking. Is the key period of technical action optimization and play, the technical fluctuation is obvious. 2. 2. At low speed, the technical movements of the top eight athletes as a whole remained relatively stable. The stride of foreign athletes was larger than 1.10m. Liu Hong and Annette Lu were all less than 1.10m.The Chinese athletes' stride length was smaller than that of foreign athletes. The eight athletes remained in the 47.88ms 卤10.09 msand the referee decided to punish the 58ms with the naked eye, and the overall athlete's technical performance was better. 3. Under the conditions of medium speed, the athletes' technical movements have different performances. Liu Hong is a small step with high frequency, and Annette Lu's movement is relatively stable, but the step size has increased. The angle and step length of Oria's two thighs are basically consistent with the slow speed index, the low and medium speed are stable, the other foreign players' medium speed index change slightly fluctuate, the technical control has fluctuation .4.The result shows that there is no obvious change in the two thighs' angle and the step length of the two thighs. Under the high speed Liu Hong technology characteristic performance is stable, but the step length is short. Annette Lu's step length increased to 1.15m with the increase of speed, and the time of flight obviously increased to 75ms. there was a risk of punishment, and the technical stability of high-speed section was poor. With the increase of speed, the step size of Aulia Noska increases, and the time of flight is close to that of low and medium speed, and has good technical performance. It is suggested that Chinese women race walkers pay attention to the training of late acceleration ability, strengthen the flexibility exercise of hip, make up for the deficiency of step length, and effectively control the problem of vacating at high speed through coordination and flexibility exercises.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G821

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