湘潭市高中生体质情况调查及干预研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 12:56

本文选题：高中生 + 体质　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:针对目前高中生学习压力大、锻炼时间短而又处于生长发育关键阶段所形成的特殊体质,通过全面调查分析湖南省湘潭市高中生的生活方式与体质健康状况,提出改善高中生身体、心理健康状况的建议,为高中生的体育教育工作提供理论依据和实践参考。方法:采取随机抽样原则从湘潭市湘钢一中、湘潭市一中、湘机中学每校抽取4个班共12班600名高中生,以调查问卷的形式了解高中生的生活方式和心理健康状况,并对所有样本学生进行体质测试,然后在体质不能达到良好等级人员中随机抽取八十名,采用随机区组设计方法平均分为四组,对各组进行不同的体质健康干预,四组分别是参照组、健康教育组、运动组和综合组。结果:(1)湘潭市高中生体质状况大部分集中在及格水平,不及格人数比例约为1/4,整体现状令人担忧。体质发育不好,营养均衡性差,存在小部分营养不良和肥胖学生。所有学生的总均分心理状况处在正常水平,但是由于受到高考压力、情绪问题、适应问题和强迫症等因素的影响,或多或少存在一定的问题,与男生相比,女生状况较差。(2)在生活反面,湘潭高中生存在的主要问题为:挑食、就餐时间不规律、喜好膨化食品和严重缺乏体育锻炼。(3)通过对受试者进行半年的干预试验,得出以下结果:具有统计学意义的试验对比组为运动组和综合组、健康教育组和综合组,相比于实验干预前,上述前两组的学生身体机能和素质有大幅度提高,后两组学生的心理健康状况明显好转;不具备统计学意义的试验组为:健康教育组与对照组、运动组与对照组。结论:(1)湘潭市高中生体质整体现状不乐观。身体机能方面:女生身体机能比男生稍差,但所有学生身体机能整体较好;身体素质方面,校内高中生均不理想,在女生身上体现更为明显;就心理健康水平而言,学生总体平均水平正常,部分学生因学习压力、适应性问题和情绪问题,有轻度或者中度心理问题,女生较为明显。(2)在生活方式上,湘潭市高中生存在饮食结构搭配不合理(挑食)、就餐时间不规律、喜好垃圾食品等导致的营养不平衡和缺乏体育锻炼的问题,影响了身体的健康发展。(3)身体和心理健康才能保证学习的高质、高效,为提高高中生身体素质及身体机能水平,可采取运动干预以及运动加健康教育的综合干预措施;同时也为了能够保证,高中生的心理健康,我们可采取健康教育的干预方式以及运动再加健康教育这种综合干预措施。(4)体育锻炼(运动)可改善学生的体质,健康教育可保证学生良好的心理健康,为达到学生身体素质良好、身体机能较优以及心理健康的目的,可采用运动干预和健康饮食、作息干预相结合的措施。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate and analyze the lifestyle and physical health of senior high school students in Xiangtan, Hunan province, through a comprehensive investigation on the special physique formed by the high school students' learning pressure, short exercise time and the key stage of their growth and development. Some suggestions on improving the physical and mental health of senior high school students are put forward to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the physical education of senior high school students. Methods: using random sampling principle, 600 senior middle school students in 4 classes were selected from Xiangtan Iron and Steel Group No. 1 Middle School, Xiangtan City No. 1 Middle School and Xiangji Middle School to investigate the life style and mental health status of high school students in the form of questionnaire. Then 80 students were randomly selected among the students whose physique was not up to good grade. They were divided into four groups according to the method of random block design, and different physique health interventions were carried out in each group. The four groups were the reference group, the health education group, the exercise group and the comprehensive group. Results (1) the physical condition of high school students in Xiangtan is mostly in passing level, and the proportion of failing students is about 1 / 4. The whole situation is worrying. Poor physical development, poor nutritional balance, there are a small number of malnutrition and obesity students. The total average score of all students is in the normal level, but due to the pressure of college entrance examination, emotional problems, adaptation problems and obsessive-compulsive disorder, there are more or less certain problems, compared with boys. The main problems of high school students in Xiangtan are: picky food, irregular dining time, preference for inflated food and serious lack of physical exercise. The following results were obtained: the experimental control group with statistical significance was the exercise group and the comprehensive group, the health education group and the comprehensive group. Compared with the experimental intervention, the students' physical function and quality of the former two groups were greatly improved. The mental health status of the latter two groups was obviously improved, and the experimental group without statistical significance was: health education group and control group, exercise group and control group. Conclusion 1) the overall physical condition of high school students in Xiangtan City is not optimistic. In terms of physical function: female students have a little worse physical function than boys, but all students have a better overall physical function; in terms of physical fitness, high school students in school are not ideal, which is more obvious in female students; in terms of mental health level, The overall average level of students is normal. Some students have mild or moderate psychological problems due to learning stress, adaptability and emotional problems. High school students in Xiangtan City have the problems of unreasonable diet structure (picky eating, irregular dining time, preference for junk food, etc.) and lack of physical exercise. The physical and mental health can guarantee the high quality and high efficiency of study. In order to improve the physical quality and function of high school students, the comprehensive intervention measures of sports and health education can be taken. At the same time, in order to ensure the mental health of high school students, we can take the intervention of health education and the comprehensive intervention of exercise plus health education. 4) physical exercise (exercise) can improve students' physique. Health education can ensure the students' good mental health. In order to achieve the goal of students' good physical quality, better physical function and mental health, the measures of combining exercise intervention with healthy diet and intervention of work and rest can be adopted in order to achieve the purpose of students' good physical quality, better physical function and mental health.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G804.49

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