中国学校体育政策的发展与改革研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 10:30

  本文选题：中国学校体育 + 制度变迁　； 参考：《华中师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：学校体育政策是指由政党和政府及其他组织为了达成学校体育目标和促进青少年体质健康所制定的指导方略、发展计划和行动方案,它蕴含了时代特征、社会需要、人才培养规格以及教育方针等诸多的隐喻信息以及丰富的内涵,这些信息与内涵指导并规定了学校体育的运行机制与状态。本文以百年以来中国学校体育政策演进的时间维度为轴线,以制度变迁理论和政策工具理论为视野,运用文献资料法、历史分析法、比较分析法、内容分析法及数理统计法,在对百年以来中国学校体育政策的不同发展阶段进行分析后,并通过对当代主要发达国家学校体育政策的比较与借鉴,提出了中国学校体育政策进一步改革的路径。本研究主要结论如下:1.百年以来中国学校体育政策演进的基本特征主要表现为六个方面:一是学校体育政策从单一类型转向为复合类型;二是学校体育政策数量的变迁与不同时期的社会事件具有明显的相关性;三是学校体育政策主题始终围绕着学校体育教学展开;四是学校体育政策工具从单一工具转向为复合工具;五是学校体育政策目标始终以增强学生的体质健康为主;六是学校体育政策的制定主体由单一主体转向为多元主体。2.在对当代部分发达国家的学校体育政策研究后发现:预防肥胖、减少久坐行为、促进健康以及提升竞争力是当代部分发达国家学校体育政策目标的基本诉求;权威工具、激励工具以及能力工具是当代部分发达国家学校体育政策重点关注与建设的内容;当代部分发达国家的学校体育政策治理机制主要表现为协作伙伴型、社团主导型以及结合型三种类型。3.在对中国与当代部分发达国家的学校体育政策比较研究后发现:从政策目标看,在坚持"健康第一"的同时,可以将提升竞争力、促进参与以及形成积极生活方式作为今后中国学校体育政策治理的新目标;从政策工具看,应对中国学校体育政策工具的结构性问题进行深度调整与改革,加快形成以权威工具升格立法为重点、以激励工具形成活力为抓手、以能力工具为促进的新局面;从政策治理机制看,应该调整中国学校体育的治理层级、进行相关立法以及实施扁平化管理。4.百年以来始终以学校体育教学为主题的政策治理过程,在中国社会、文化以及教育等诸多因素的交互影响中,其政策的溢出效应明显不足。而学校体育政策溢出效应不足的主要原因在于,我国文化、社会以及人们心理上对体育认同的缺失,这种缺失导致了我国学校体育政策在落实中陷入了弱化的窘境,并致使学校体育政策的效应难以彰显。5.中国学校体育政策工具体系的深化调整与改革,既需要强化中央文件、法律法规等权威工具的运用,也需要进一步推动体育师资培训、资格准入、场地设施以及信息等能力工具的建设,以拨款、补贴以及税收优惠等激励工具来推动我国学校体育政策的落地生根。6.中国学校体育政策深化调整与改革的主要路径为四个方面:从理论路径看,要推动我国学校体育政策总体目标的多元化、具体目标的操作化以及实施目标的绩效化,并在此基础上形成权威工具法定化、激励工具多元化以及能力工具制度化;从现实路径看,要进一步加强政策制定主体之间的协调,实现学校体育政策制定主体之间的协同作用,以促进学校体育政策效应的最大化;从关键路径看,要构建学校体育政策的评估体系,以促进学校体育政策的贯彻与落实,让学校体育政策落地生根;从根本路径看,要从政策上促进人们对学校体育的文化、社会以及心理认同。文化认同是彰显学校体育政策效益的起点,社会认同是学校体育政策效益实现的关键,心理认同是实现学校体育政策效益的核心。
[Abstract]:The school sports policy refers to the development plan and the action plan of the political party and government and other organizations in order to achieve the school sports goals and promote the physical health of the young people. It contains many metaphorical information and rich connotation, such as the characteristics of the times, the social needs, the training specifications and the educational policy, and so on. In this paper, we take the time dimension of the evolution of Chinese school sports policy as the axis, the theory of institutional change and the theory of policy tools as the visual field, and use the literature data method, historical analysis method, comparative analysis method, content analysis method and mathematical statistics method for a hundred years. After analyzing the different development stages of the school sports policy in China, and by comparing and drawing lessons from the school sports policies in the major developed countries, the path of the further reform of the Chinese school sports policy is put forward. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: the basic characteristics of the evolution of Chinese School Sports Policy in the past 100 years are mainly manifested in the following aspects: Six aspects: one is the school sports policy from a single type to a complex type; two is the changes in the number of school sports policy and the social events of different periods of obvious correlation; the three is the school sports policy theme around the school physical education, and the four is the school sports policy tools from a single tool to compound. The five is that the goal of school sports policy is always to enhance the physical health of the students; the six is that the main body of the school sports policy is turned from a single subject to the multi subject.2. in the study of the school sports policy of some modern developed countries: prevention of obesity, the reduction of long sitting behavior, the promotion of health and the promotion of competitiveness are contemporary. The basic demands of school sports policy goals in some developed countries, authoritative tools, incentive tools and ability tools are the main contents of the school sports policies in some developed countries. The School Sports Policy Governance Mechanism in some developed countries is mainly composed of cooperative partnership, community oriented and combination type three. After the comparative study of the school sports policies between China and some modern developed countries,.3. has found that from the policy goal, while adhering to the "health first", we can improve the competitiveness, promote participation and form a positive way of life as a new goal for the management of Chinese School Sports Policy in the future. From the view of policy tools, we should deal with China. The structural problems of the school sports policy tools are adjusted and reformed in depth, and the emphasis on the promotion of the legislation of the authoritative tools is accelerated, and the motivation tool is taken as the grip and the ability tool is promoted. From the view of the policy governance mechanism, the management level of the Chinese School physical education should be adjusted, the relevant legislation and the implementation of the legislation should be carried out. .4. has always been a policy governing process with the theme of school physical education for a hundred years. In the interaction of Chinese society, culture and education, the spillover effect of the policy is obviously insufficient. The main reasons for the lack of the spillover effect of the school sports policy are in the cultural, social and psychological aspects of our country. The lack of education identification has led to the weakening of the school sports policy in China, and the effect of the school sports policy is difficult to highlight the deepening adjustment and reform of the.5. Chinese school sports policy tool system. It needs to strengthen the use of authoritative instruments such as central documents and laws and regulations, and also need to be further pushed. The construction of physical education teacher training, qualification admittance, facilities and information and other capability tools, with incentive tools such as appropriation, subsidy and tax incentives to promote our country's school sports policy, the main path of the.6. Chinese school sports policy deepening adjustment and reform is four aspects: from the theoretical path, we should promote China's national learning. The overall objective of the school sports policy is diversified, the specific target is operationalized and the implementation of the goal is carried out. On this basis, the authority tools are legalized, the incentive tools are diversified and the ability tools institutionalized. From the realistic path, the coordination among the policy makers should be further strengthened to realize the main body of the school sports policy making. In order to promote the maximization of the school sports policy effect, the evaluation system of the school sports policy should be constructed to promote the implementation and implementation of the school sports policy and make the school sports policy root. From the fundamental path, the culture, society and psychology of the school sports should be promoted from the fundamental path. Cultural identity is the starting point to highlight the benefits of school sports policy, and social identity is the key to the realization of school sports policy benefits, and psychological identity is the core of realizing the benefit of school sports policy.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G807
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本文编号：2017080