人体运动控制理论及计算模型的研究进展

发布时间：2018-06-28 09:22

本文选题：运动控制 + 人体运动　；参考：《体育科学》2017年08期

【摘要】：人体运动控制是一个复杂的、综合了多门学科的领域,先后纳入了物理学、解剖学、生理学、心理学、工程学、神经学等学科的内容。人体运动控制的研究从最初的对人体外在的机械运动的描述逐渐深入到肌肉骨骼,神经控制的层次。人体运动控制领域要解决的基本问题是人体运动的冗余控制、富余控制及运动变异,它们代表了人体运动的多样性,围绕这几个基本问题,学者们提出了各种基于信息控制理论和基于物理过程的各种人体运动控制的假说(动作编码、层级控制、平衡点假说、对照设置假说、动态行为理论等)及多种用于人体运动评估研究的计算框架(黎曼流形、非控制流形、容错-噪声-共变模型、适应性模型理论等)。这些理论假说有的偏重于控制信息的处理过程,有的偏重于人体运动的物理过程,其中每个理论假说都有其意义及局限性,提供研究者不同的思考角度,有的理论,如平衡点假说,则是沉寂一段时间后又被重新发现其实践意义,并受到越来越多的关注。对人体运动的研究,一开始人们关注于单一关节、单一肌肉的状态,然而人体的运动是一个整体,一个关节出现损伤可能主要的原因并不是在这一个关节而是受到其余关节活动的影响,一块肌肉的损伤也可能是由于其余肌肉的影响,甚至人体的损伤也受到人体认知状况的影响,这就需要从整体的角度去重新审视人体运动。人体运动是复杂的,对人体运动的描述不能仅仅是对单一关节、单一肌肉的描述,而是需要更为复杂的计算框架,黎曼流形、非控制流形、容错-噪声-共变模型、适应性模型理论则对人体运动的描述做出了有益的探索。人体运动控制理论对康复及运动训练有着重要的影响,根据运动控制理论学者们提出和更新了传统的康复及训练方法,从运动控制角度设计的训练方法有效地降低了损伤的发生率,延长了运动员的运动寿命。对人体运动控制的进一步研究可以帮助对损伤机制、运动表现、装备器械对人体的影响机制等的深入理解,促进相关领域的发展。
[Abstract]:Human motion control is a complex, integrated multidisciplinary field, which has been incorporated into the subjects of physics, anatomy, physiology, psychology, engineering, neurology, etc. The study of human motion control has gradually deepened from the description of the body's external mechanical movement to the musculoskeletal, the level of neural control and the human movement. The basic problems to be solved in the field of dynamic control are redundant control of human movement, surplus control and motion variation. They represent the diversity of human movement. Around these basic problems, scholars have proposed various hypotheses based on information control theory and physical process based human body motion control (action coding, hierarchy control, The equilibrium point hypothesis, the control set hypothesis, the dynamic behavior theory, and a variety of computational frameworks for the study of human motion assessment (Riemann manifolds, non control manifolds, fault-tolerant noise covariant models, adaptive model theory, etc.). Some of these theoretical hypotheses are biased on the processing of control information, and some are biased on the physical processes of human motion. Each theory hypothesis has its meaning and limitations, which provides the researchers with different thinking angles. Some theories, such as the equilibrium hypothesis, are rediscovered and received more and more attention after a period of silence. The study of human movement, at the beginning, is concerned with the single joint and the state of a single muscle. However, the movement of the body is a whole, and the main cause of a joint injury may be not the effect of the joint but the rest of the joint. The injury of a muscle may also be influenced by the rest of the muscles, and the damage of the body is also affected by the recognition of the human body, which requires the overall angle. To re examine human movement. Human motion is complex. The description of human motion can not be merely a description of a single joint and a single muscle, but a more complex frame of calculation, a Riemann manifold, a non controlled manifold, a fault-tolerant and covariant model, and a useful exploration of the description of human motion by the adaptive model theory. The theory of motion control of human body has an important influence on rehabilitation and exercise training. According to the theory of motion control, scholars have proposed and updated the traditional methods of rehabilitation and training. The training method designed from the angle of motion control effectively reduces the incidence of damage and prolongs the life of the athletes. Research can help to understand deeply the mechanisms of injury, motor performance, the impact of equipment and equipment on human body, and promote the development of related fields.
【作者单位】：北京体育大学运动人体科学学院;
【基金】：北京体育大学自主科研课题(2016SYS006)
【分类号】：G804

【相似文献】