昆明市普通高校体育运动意外伤害风险的识别与评估研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 18:04

本文选题：普通高校 + 体育运动　；参考：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：减少和避免体育运动意外伤害是学校的责任,家长的期盼,社会的的福祉。在开展体育工作过程中,如何评估运动风险并采取有效措施进行防范是至关重要的一个环节。本研究运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、访谈法,以昆明市4所普通高校体育运动意外伤害风险的识别与评估为研究对象,进行了深入的研究,并提出相关策略。研究得出以下结论:1.近五年来,昆明市普通高校发生体育运动意外伤害的学生占全体学生总数的37.8%,其中男生比例为28.8%,女生比例为9.0%,男生受到体育运动意外伤害的概率明显高于女生。体育运动意外伤害发生的概率从性别方面来讲存在显著差异,从年级方面则无较大差别。体育运动意外伤害高发项目主要有足球、篮球、体操器械类、体操支撑跳跃类。在课堂内外都有可能发生体育运动意外伤害,而在课外活动中,校、院系等组织的体育竞赛是意外伤害高发区,学生课余、体育锻炼紧随其后,相较于以上两种,体育课上发生意外伤害的概率则较低。2.从不同角度对体育运动意外伤害风险源进行划分:从学生角度来讲,风险源包括自身行为、保健和安全意识,健康状况,第三方的过失行为;从教师角度来讲,风险源包括教学经验、方法,课堂组织,责任心;从学校管理角度来讲,风险源包括管理人员经验、卫生安全管理制度;体育场地器材设施和其他不可抗拒的环境因素。3.从不同维度来讲,引发体育运动意外伤害事故的行为各有不同。教师维度:一是没有充分认识体育教学安全的重要性,对于一些危险项目组织不当;二是学生在体育活动中受伤,教师没及时采取相应措施,使后果加重;三是教师发现学生行为可能导致事故,但未及时进行阻止。学生维度:一是因睡眠不足或饮食问题间接导致意外发生;二是患有疾病或生理缺陷却不愿告知教师。学校维度:一是有关校园内机动车管理的制度不完善;二是未建立紧急医疗系统;三是学校行政部门未能建立应对突发事件的紧急机制。从环境方面来讲,自然界内的不可抗因素诱发体育运动意外伤害的几率明显高于其他风险因素,原因在于尽管外界风险发生的可能性较小,但是体育教师无法预测其何时何地发生,其属于无法预知且不可控制的风险。4.体育运动过程中的风险因素是互相联系、互相制约、互相影响的,同一阶段的风险因素之间存在着关联性。针对不同维度采取不同措施以降低意外伤害事故的发生几率,做到预防为主,防患于未然。
[Abstract]:It is the responsibility of school, the expectation of parents, and the welfare of society to reduce and avoid accidental injury in sports. In the process of sports work, how to evaluate the risk of sports and take effective measures to prevent it is an important link. In this study, the methods of literature, questionnaire, mathematical statistics and interview were used to identify and evaluate the risk of sports accidental injury in four colleges and universities in Kunming, and the related strategies were put forward. The study came to the following conclusion: 1. In the past five years, 37.8 of the total number of students involved in sports accidents occurred in Kunming, in which the proportion of male students was 28.8 and the proportion of female students was 9.0.The probability of accidental injury of male students was obviously higher than that of female students. The probability of accidental injury in sports was significantly different in gender, but not in grade. Sports accidents mainly include football, basketball, gymnastics equipment, gymnastics support jump class. Sports accidents may occur both in and out of the classroom. In extracurricular activities, sports competitions organized by schools, faculties, etc., have a high incidence of accidental injuries. After school, students are closely followed by physical exercise, compared with the above two types of sports competitions. The probability of accidental injury in physical education is lower. 2. 2. The risk sources of accidental injury in sports are divided from different angles: from the perspective of students, the risk sources include their own behavior, health and safety awareness, health status, negligent behavior of third parties, and teachers' point of view. Risk sources include teaching experience, methods, classroom organization, responsibility; from the school management point of view, risk sources include management experience, health and safety management system; sports facilities and other irresistible environmental factors .3. From different dimensions, the behavior that causes sports accident injury is different. Teachers' dimensions: first, the importance of physical education safety is not fully understood, and some dangerous items are not properly organized; second, students are injured in sports activities, and teachers fail to take appropriate measures in time to aggravate the consequences; Third, the teacher discovered that the student behavior may cause the accident, but did not stop in time. Student dimension: one is the accident caused indirectly by lack of sleep or diet problems; the other is suffering from illness or physiological defect but unwilling to inform the teacher. School dimension: first, the system of motor vehicle management on campus is not perfect; second, the emergency medical system has not been established; third, the school administrative department has failed to establish an emergency mechanism to deal with emergencies. In terms of environment, the risk of accidental injury in sports induced by irresistible factors in nature is significantly higher than that of other risk factors, because although external risks are less likely to occur, But physical education teachers can not predict when and where it occurs, and it belongs to unpredictable and uncontrollable risk. 4. The risk factors in the process of sports are interrelated, restrict and influence each other, and there is a correlation between the risk factors in the same stage. According to different dimensions, different measures should be taken to reduce the probability of accidents, to prevent accidents in the first place.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G807.4

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