四川省优秀女子跳高运动员助跑与起跳衔接技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 18:24

本文选题：女子跳高 + 助跑　；参考：《成都体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：跳高项目发展的100多年里,历经了五次技术变革,时至今日背越式成为了跳高的主导技术。我国跳高项目也一度绽放于世界田坛,朱建华三次打破世界纪录,郑凤荣、金玲等女子优秀跳高运动员也是成绩显著。纵观我国跳高发展,女子跳高已出现大幅下滑,优秀人才匮乏。邓思艺作为年轻一代,仅两年多的跳高训练就夺得了2015年青运会该项目冠军,其经验和技术值得研究,一方面,为备战2017年全运会实现技术性突破获得更好的成绩;另一方面,关注我国女子跳高后备人才培养,对我国女子跳高项目的发展具有促进作用。通过查阅近20多年跳高项目相关文献132篇,深入研究了跳高技术的发展,并随四川省田径队进行了近一年的跟队研究,充分了解一线运动队的训练与竞技。运用文献资料、专家访谈、三维录像解析以及数理统计等方法,研究使用两台JVC高速摄像机拍摄运动员技术并经星高钛解析系统得到运动学参数,对比郑幸娟、王林、刘肼毅和张露予4名国内优秀女子跳高运动员技术参数,得出了以下结论:(1)邓思艺助跑最后一步起跳脚着地时相重心水平速度较低。最后一步起跳脚着地时相重心水平速度仅为6.51m/s,与郑幸娟等4名我国优秀女子跳高运动员差距明显。速度素质及起跳脚着地支撑能力有待提高。(2)邓思艺助跑水平速度利用率低,助跑与起跳衔接技术相对较弱。起跳腿主动肌离心收缩能力不足。提升助跑最后一步速度和助跑节奏把控能力,充分利用助跑形成的水平速度获得较高的起跳垂直速度。(3)邓思艺具备合理的最后一步步长和良好的助跑节奏,步长身高比与我国优秀运动员没有差距。合理的最后一步步长是保持快速助跑、以良好的助跑节奏积极进入起跳的先决条件之一,是充分发挥起跳技术的有力保障。邓思艺三级跳远技能的迁移使其跳高具备优异的助跑与起跳节奏。(4)助跑最后一步身体内倾角变化幅度与我国优秀女子跳高运动员平均值差距较小。但邓思艺助跑最后一步着地实现身体内倾幅度较小,内倾角仅有81.03°,主要由于弧线助跑速度慢,身体内倾幅度不够,后期还有很大提升空间。(5)邓思艺起跳离地时刻身体重心高度H1较小,H1与身高比值也小于优秀运动员,起跳腿髋、膝、踝关节蹬伸幅度不够表现为蹬伸不充分,另外起跳腿主动肌离心收缩能力弱;身高和H1高度存在劣势;摆腿速度合理,交叉双臂摆动效果差,表现为角速度较慢,手臂僵直摆臂力量不集中。
[Abstract]:During the 100 years of development of the high jump, it has undergone five technological changes, and now the backcross style has become the dominant technique in the high jump. China's high jump event also bloomed in the world at one time, Zhu Jianhua broke the world record three times, Zheng Fengrong, Jin Ling and other excellent women high jump athletes also achieved remarkable results. Throughout our country's high jump development, women's high jump has been a significant decline, talent shortage. As a young generation, Deng Siyi won the championship of the 2015 Youth Games in just over two years of high jump training. His experience and technology are worth studying. On the one hand, he has achieved better results in preparing for the 2017 National Games. On the other hand, he has achieved better results in terms of technical breakthroughs. Paying attention to the training of women's high jump reserve talents will promote the development of women's high jump in our country. The development of high jump technique was deeply studied by referring to 132 articles about high jump events in the past 20 years, and followed by Sichuan track and field team for nearly one year to fully understand the training and competition of the first team. By using the methods of literature, expert interview, 3D video analysis and mathematical statistics, this paper studies the use of two JVC high-speed cameras to shoot athletes and obtain kinematics parameters through the satellite and high titanium analysis system. The comparison between Zheng Xingjuan and Wang Lin is made. Liu hydrazil and Zhang Luyu four excellent female high jumpers in China obtained the following conclusions: (1) Deng Siyi started the last step and landed on the ground with a low horizontal speed of gravity center. The horizontal velocity of the center of gravity is only 6.51 m / s when the last step starts and falls to the ground, which is obviously different from that of 4 excellent Chinese women high jumpers, such as Zheng Xingjuan and so on. The quality of speed and the ability of landing ground support need to be improved. (2) Deng Siyi run-up level speed utilization rate is low, run-up and take-off connection technology is relatively weak. The ability of eccentric contraction of the active muscle of the take-off leg is insufficient. To improve the ability to control the last step and the tempo of the run-up, make full use of the horizontal speed formed by the run-up to obtain a higher take-off vertical speed. (3) Deng Siyi has a reasonable last step length and a good run-up rhythm. The ratio of step length to height is no different from that of our country's elite athletes. The reasonable final step length is one of the prerequisites for keeping the fast run-up and actively entering the take-off with a good run-up rhythm, and it is also a strong guarantee to give full play to the take-off technology. The transfer of Deng Siyi's triple jump skills makes the high jump have excellent run-up and take-off rhythm. (4) the variation range of the inclinations in the last step of the run-up is smaller than the average value of the excellent female high jumpers in our country. However, Deng Siyi made the last step of the run-up to achieve a relatively small inclinations, with an internal inclination angle of only 81.03 掳, mainly due to the slow speed of the arc run-up and the insufficient range of the inclinations of the body. At the later stage, there was still great room for improvement. (5) the ratio of the height of the body's center of gravity H _ 1 to height was also smaller than that of the excellent athletes at the time when Deng Siyi took off from the ground. The range of extension of the legs, hips, knees and ankles was not enough. In addition, the ability of eccentric contraction of the active muscle is weak; height and H _ 1 height have disadvantages; the leg swinging speed is reasonable, the effect of crossing arms swinging is poor, the angular speed is slow, and the arm strength is not concentrated.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G823.1

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