振动训练对短距离游泳运动员体能及专项成绩影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 15:13

本文选题：振动训练 + 游泳运动员　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:作为新兴运动训练的振动训练,现在已得到了广泛的应用,不少教练用这种训练方式强化运动员的肌肉力量、提高运动员的平衡能力。笔者进行此次研究,主要有2个目的:第一是探究和讨论当振动频率不同时,运动员的生理指标、基本素质会出现怎样的变化,从而以振动训练的方式显著提升现代游泳运动员的基本素质,找到一个最适合游泳运动员的体能改善振动训练组合;第二是探究和讨论游泳运动员体能改善的振动训练的最佳干预周期;给体育教练及科学研究人员安全、合理使用振动训练仪器以强化运动员运动能力提供理论支持。方法:在振动训练平台之上,教练员可按照一定的周期安排、督促运动员进行一定数量的振动干预训练,并在训练时。通过实时监控系统对接受训练者的心率的生理指标进行全程的监控;利用坐位体前屈等测量仪器对接受训练者的肢体肌力、平衡力等基本指标,并以获取的指标数据为对象,通过spss统计分析工具展开配对T检验等,从而获得对应的结果。结果:对比无振动训练组,振动训练组在各身体素质指标的影响尚,都表现出较为明显的差别,由此可知,对比传统的运动锻炼,振动训练可以更好地提升短距离游泳运动员的各项身体素质;当振动训练的振频为30及40Hz时,运动员的下肢肌力可以得到更好的强化,具体的提高率可达到11.60%和10.50%;当振动训练的振频为20Hz及30Hz时,运动员的柔韧性可以得到更好的改善,改善率可以达到25.14%和28.69%;对振频为20Hz和毫无振动的训练组而言,当振动训练的振频为30Hz和40Hz时,运动员的心肺机能可以得到更好的强化,心血管系统可以得到更好的优化,具体的提高效率可达到8.41%和11.19%;在改善运动员体成分方面,振动训练无法取得较为显著的成效;在测试完不同振频的振动训练组对运动员平衡能力的影响后,可知按照从强到弱的影响顺序,依次是振频为20Hz的一组、振频为30Hz的一组、传统训练、振频为40Hz的一组;就下肢肌力、心肺机能以及平衡能力而言,当振动周期为8周时,可以发生十分重大的影响:以6周为振动训练的分界点,运动员的下肢肌力在该分界点之后,呈百分比递增,平衡能力和心肺机能会在该分界点之后,呈百分比递减,而收缩及舒张压则会在该分界点之后,产生不规则的改变。结论:当振频处于中低水平时,振动训练可以对短距离游泳运动员产生更好的改善柔韧性及平衡能力作用;当振频处于中高水平时,振动训练能够显著影响运动员的肌力及心肺功能;对游泳运动员而言,8周的振动训练周期是对运动员体能进行改善的有效周期,但是也存在一些特例,比如柔韧性,它的训练周期越长,可产生的改善效果就越显著。
[Abstract]:Objective: as a new sport training vibration training, has been widely used, many coaches use this training method to strengthen the muscle strength of athletes, improve the balance ability of athletes. The author carried out this study for two main purposes: first, to explore and discuss how the physiological indicators and basic qualities of athletes will change when the vibration frequency is different. In order to improve the basic quality of modern swimmers by vibration training, to find the most suitable for swimming athletes to improve the physical fitness of vibration training combination; The second is to explore and discuss the best intervention period of swimming athletes' physical fitness improvement vibration training, and to provide theoretical support for sports coaches and scientific researchers to use vibration training instruments reasonably to strengthen athletes' sports ability. Methods: on the vibration training platform, the coaches can urge the athletes to carry out a certain number of vibration intervention training according to certain period arrangement, and during the training. Through the real-time monitoring system, the physiological indexes of heart rate of the trainees are monitored in the whole process, and the basic indexes, such as muscle strength, balance force, and so on, are measured by the sitting position forward flexion and so on, and the obtained index data are taken as the object. The corresponding results are obtained by using the spss statistical analysis tool to expand the paired T test and so on. Results: compared with the non-vibration training group and the vibration training group, there were obvious differences in the influence of the physical fitness index, so it can be seen that compared with the traditional exercise, Vibration training can better improve the physical fitness of short distance swimmers. When the vibration frequency of vibration training is 30 Hz and 40 Hz, the lower limb muscle strength of athletes can be strengthened better. The specific improvement rate can reach 11.60% and 10.50%. When the vibration frequency of vibration training is 20 Hz and 30 Hz, the flexibility of athletes can be improved better, the improvement rate can reach 25.14% and 28.69%. For the training group with vibration frequency of 20 Hz and no vibration, When the vibration frequency of vibration training is 30 Hz and 40 Hz, the cardiopulmonary machine of athletes can be strengthened better, the cardiovascular system can be optimized better, and the specific improvement efficiency can reach 8.41% and 11.19%. After testing the effect of vibration training group with different vibration frequency on the balance ability of athletes, we can know that according to the order of influence from strong to weak, the vibration frequency is 20 Hz, and the frequency is 30 Hz. In traditional training, the frequency of vibration is 40 Hz; in terms of lower limb muscle strength, cardiopulmonary energy, and balance ability, when the vibration cycle is 8 weeks, it can have a very significant impact: six weeks as the dividing point for vibration training. The lower limb muscle strength of athletes increases by percentage after the demarcation point, the balance ability and cardiopulmonary machine energy will decrease after the demarcation point, while the contraction and diastolic pressure will produce irregular changes after the demarcation point. Conclusion: vibration training can improve flexibility and balance ability of short distance swimmers better when vibration frequency is at medium and low level, and when vibration frequency is at medium and high level, Vibration training can significantly affect the muscle strength and cardiopulmonary function of athletes. For swimmers, an 8-week vibration training period is an effective period for improving their physical fitness, but there are some special cases, such as flexibility. The longer its training cycle, the more significant the improvement can be.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1

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