体育锻炼对老年人执行功能的影响：多重中介模型的检验

发布时间：2018-07-02 21:33

本文选题：体育锻炼 + 执行功能　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：体育锻炼与执行功能关系的研究,此前主要集中于体育锻炼对于执行功能的直接影响,即体育锻炼对执行功能影响的直接效应。具体研究领域主要为以下两点:一是不同的体育锻炼项目对不同群体的执行功能的直接影响;二是体育锻炼结合其他干预或药物对特殊群体执行功能的直接影响。虽然此前研究得出了一系列的喜人成果,也证实了体育锻炼对于执行功能影响的显著效应,但是这在一定程度上忽略了体育锻炼与执行功能之间可能存在中介因素,进而忽视了体育锻炼和执行功能之间可能存在的中介效应。基于此,本研究从体育锻炼可以促进老年群体的执行功能水平这一理论假设为出发点,以体育锻炼对老年群体执行功能影响的机制为研究切入点,提出了体育锻炼与执行功能关系之间的多重中介假设模型,重点旨在探究:除体育锻炼对执行功能影响的直接效应以外,还可能存在的心理中介效应。研究通过对老年群体的锻炼行为、一般自我效能、老化态度、执行功能(抑制控制功能、刷新功能、转换功能)的测量,验证假设模型的正确性。研究假设:假设1:体育锻炼对老年人执行功能有显著促进作用,且户籍来源主效应显著;假设2:老化态度在体育锻炼与执行功能关系之间起中介作用;假设3: 一般自我效能在体育锻炼与执行功能关系之间起中介作用;假设4:体育锻炼对老年人执行功能影响的直接效应和间接效应存在差异。本研究采用测量法和实验法对191位老年人进行锻炼行为(锻炼强度、锻炼频率、单次时间、锻炼年限)、心理指标、(一般自我效能、老化态度)和执行功能(抑制控制功能、刷新功能、转换功能)的测量,所有被试的人口学变量(户籍来源除外)均无显著性差异(无脑功能疾病、无精神疾病、不酗酒以及无酗酒史、均为右利手等),结果表明:1.体育锻炼对老年人执行功能存在显著影响,且户籍来源主效应显著。城市老年人在一般自我效能、老化态度得分上优于农村老年人;同时,城市老年人的执行功能相关指标也优于农村老年人群体。2.老年群体在日常体育锻炼过程中,适量的、科学的单次锻炼时间、锻炼频率、锻炼年限才会对老年人的一般自我效能、老化态度产生积极的显著影响。3.体育锻炼不仅能够直接改善老年群体的执行功能相关水平,延缓认知衰老;同时还可以通过对中介变量(一般自我效能、老化态度)的影响,间接的促进老年人群执行功能的改善和延迟衰退。体育锻炼对老年人执行功能影响的多重中介模型表明,体育锻炼不仅直接影响老年人的执行功能(抑制控制功能、刷新功能、转换功能),同时还通过影响中介变量(老化态度、一般自我效能),继而来影响老年人执行功能。这说明老年人在日常锻炼过程中,不仅需要加强身体机能的锻炼,同时更要注重其心理健康水平的锻炼效益。一般自我效能和老化态度作为老年群体至关重要的两个心理指标,其对老年人的执行功能有良好的促进作用。锻炼过程中,老化态度和一般自我效能的培育,某种程度上影响了老年人的锻炼效果及执行功能。
[Abstract]:The research on the relationship between physical exercise and executive function is mainly focused on the direct effect of physical exercise on the executive function, that is, the direct effect of physical exercise on the executive function. The main research fields are the following two points: first, the direct influence of different sports exercises on the executive function of different groups; two is physical exercise. The direct impact of other interventions or drugs on the executive function of special groups. Although a series of pleasant results have been obtained, the significant effect of physical exercise on the performance of the executive function has been confirmed, but it neglects the possible existence of intermediary factors between physical exercise and executive function, and then neglects the body. Based on this, this study is based on the theoretical hypothesis that physical exercise can promote the executive function level of the elderly and the mechanism of the effect of physical exercise on the executive function of the elderly, and puts forward the relationship between physical exercise and executive function. The emphasis of the heavy intermediary hypothesis model is to explore the psychological mediator effect that may exist in addition to the direct effect of physical exercise on the effect of executive function. The research through the measurement of the exercise behavior, general self-efficacy, aging attitude, executive function (restraining control power, refresh function, conversion function) of the elderly group, and verifying the hypothesis model The hypothesis: assuming that 1: physical exercise has a significant role in promoting the executive function of the elderly, and the main effect of the household registration source is significant; assuming that the aging attitude of 2: plays a mediating role between physical exercise and the relationship of executive function, it is assumed that the general self-efficacy of 3: plays a mediating role between physical exercise and the functional relationship of executive function; and the 4: body is assumed. There are different direct and indirect effects on the effect of exercise on the executive function of the elderly. This study uses measurement and experimental methods to conduct exercise behavior (exercise intensity, exercise frequency, single time, exercise years), psychological indicators, (general self-efficacy, aging attitude) and executive function (inhibition control function, refresh work) of 191 elderly people. There were no significant differences in the demographic variables (except for the brain function, no mental illness, no alcoholism and alcohol abuse). The results showed that 1. physical exercise had a significant effect on the performance of the elderly, and the main effect of the household registration source was significant. In the general self-efficacy, the aging attitude is superior to the elderly in rural areas; at the same time, the performance related indexes of the urban elderly are also superior to those of the elderly group.2. in the rural areas. The appropriate amount of time, the frequency of exercise, the years of exercise and the aging of the old people are better than those of the old people in the rural areas. Attitudes have a positive impact on.3. physical exercise. Physical exercise can not only directly improve the level of executive function related to the elderly, but also delay cognitive senility. It can also indirectly promote the improvement of executive function and delay decline through the influence of mediating variables (general self-efficacy, aging attitude). Physical exercise for the elderly. The multiple intermediary model of the effect of executive function shows that physical exercise not only directly affects the executive function of the elderly (restraining control function, refreshing function, transforming function), but also affecting the intermediary variable (aging attitude, general self-efficacy), and then influencing the elderly to perform function. This shows that the elderly are not in the daily exercise process. It is only necessary to strengthen the exercise of the physical function and pay more attention to the exercise benefit of the mental health. The general self-efficacy and the aging attitude are two important psychological indexes of the old group, which have a good effect on the executive function of the old people. To a large extent, it affects the exercise effect and executive function of the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G806

【参考文献】