成就目标理论在普通高校游泳教学中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 09:53

本文选题：高校 + 成就目标理论　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前高校体育课的绝大多数项目都是在陆地进行的,学生已经习惯了陆地项目的运动形式。而游泳则是在水中进行的并且练习者在水中游泳时身体是处于仰卧位或者是俯卧位的这与他们早已习惯的站位姿势完全不符。游泳者会因为水的浮力、压力、阻力产生头晕、恶心、难以调节呼吸等方面的不适感再加上水的波动,就会导致初学者很难找到身体的着力点,使他们不能控制自己的身体平衡。因此学生在初学时会很难适应这种新的活动形式导致在游泳过程中出现溺水、呛水的现象从而使他们产生对水的恐惧心理。成就目标理论是目前体育教学领域中一个新的指导性理论,在一定程度上成就目标也称之为成就目标取向,成就目标理论是认知心理学家试图运用社会认知理论的原理研究个体在成就情境中的动机和行为的理论,是利用人们在完成任务的过程中,力求获得成功的内部动因。本文将成就目标定向理论应用到高校公共体育游泳选修课中,预期达到实验教学的相应目标:通过培养个体成就目标定向来形成更加优良的课堂气氛,缓解大学生游泳学习的恐惧心理;同时培养学生的成就目标更有利于提高个体理论知识、技术和技能水平,以及努力程度和坚持性;提高学生游泳技术水平、身体素质水平以及心理能力,同时优化游泳教学训练或学习方式,进一步提升体育教学的效果。在研究方法上通过文献资料法对前期的相关研究成果进行整理,为本文研究奠定理论基础;再通过专家访谈法,通过专家的指导性的意见,对实验教学的相关问题进行修正完善;再通过实验前后的问卷调查法对实验的相关指标进行数理的统计分析,从而为本实验教学的效果分析提供基础;而通过实验法的教学过程实现对成就目标定向理论的应用,最后总结归出成就目标定向理论不仅适用于高校游泳选修课的教学,而且也可为其它专业教学提供有价值的参考。通对长春市高校公共体育课中游泳选项课中的学生进行成就目标理论的应用研究,缓解了目前高校公共游泳选项课中学生恐惧的心理现状,同时利用成就目标理论在游泳中进行实验研究,提高了学生游泳技能学习的兴趣,缓解水的恐惧心理,提高游泳教学的效果,提升学生的游泳运动参与的兴趣。同时通过学生的成就目标理论掌握,来提高个体理论知识、技术和技能水平,以及努力程度和坚持性;更重要的是能够提高学生适应外界环境的心理能力水平,同时优化学习方式。因此,成就目标定向理论不仅适用于高校游泳选修课的教学,而且也可为其它专业教学提供有价值的参考。本实验研究的结果如下:1.成就目标理论从心理上激发个体的参与程度,游泳教学中学生的担心、恐惧心理的产生是因为对掌握游泳技术的目标不够清晰,再加上之前没有很好的体验。因此在制定目标的过程中要综合的考虑学生的客观能力和水平,另一方面还要鼓励学生积极主动的参与其中,及时的反馈信息,与教师进行交流和沟通。2.成就目标理论的过程性干预后,极大地缓解了学生恐惧的心理,大大提高了学生参与学习的“热情”。3.通过成就目标的理论干预,学生在蛙泳的技术学习中的效果明显,实验班的学生在蛙泳的技术环节的学习中明显好于对照班,而技术的好坏又直接决定了游进的速度,实验证明实验班的学生在整体的游进速度上也优于对照班的学生。
[Abstract]:Most of the sports in college are currently on land, and students have become accustomed to the form of the land project. Swimming is in the water and the swimmers are in the supine position or the prone position when they swim in the water. Water's buoyancy, pressure, resistance produces dizziness, nausea, and the difficulty of adjusting the discomfort of breathing, and the fluctuation of water, it will make it difficult for beginners to find the focus of the body so that they can't control their body balance. Therefore, students will be difficult to adapt to this new form of activity in the course of primary school, which leads to drowning in swimming. The phenomenon of water, water and water causes them to produce fear of water. Achievement goal theory is a new guiding theory in the field of physical education at present. To a certain extent, achievement goal is also called achievement goal orientation. Achievement goal theory is the principle of cognitive psychologists trying to use social cognitive theory to study individual achievement. The theory of motivation and behavior in the situation is to make use of people's internal motivation to achieve success in the process of completing the task. This paper applies the theory of achievement goal orientation to the elective course of public sports swimming in Colleges and universities. It is expected to achieve the corresponding goal of experimental teaching: to form a better class by training the goal orientation of individual achievement. Atmosphere, relieving the fear of College Students' swimming learning; at the same time fostering students' achievement goals is more conducive to improving individual theoretical knowledge, technology and skill level, and the degree of effort and persistence; improving the level of swimming skills, the level of physical quality and psychological ability, and optimizing the training or learning methods of swimming. To improve the effect of sports teaching. In the study method, the relevant research results of the earlier period are collated through the literature method, and the theoretical foundation is laid for this study. Through the expert interview method, the relevant problems of the experimental teaching are corrected through the expert advice, and the experiment is carried out by the questionnaire survey method before and after the experiment. The related indexes are analyzed by mathematical statistics, thus providing the basis for the analysis of the effect of this experiment, and the application of the theory of achievement goal orientation through the teaching process of the experimental method. Finally, the conclusion of the achievement goal orientation theory is not only applicable to the teaching of College Swimming elective courses, but also can be provided for other specialized teaching. The application of the achievement goal theory to the students in the optional swimming course in the public physical education course of Changchun university has relieved the psychological status of the students' fear in the public swimming optional course at present, and carried out the test study in swimming by using the theory of achievement goal to improve the students' swimming skill learning. To relieve the fear of water, to improve the effect of swimming teaching and to improve the interest of the students to participate in swimming. At the same time, the students' theory of achievement goal is mastered to improve the individual theory knowledge, technology and skill level, and the degree of effort and perseverance; and more importantly, it can improve the students' psychological ability to adapt to the external environment. Therefore, the achievement goal orientation theory is not only applicable to the teaching of College Swimming elective courses, but also provides valuable reference for other specialized teaching. The results of this experiment are as follows: 1. the achievement goal theory stimulates the degree of individual participation in psychology, the fear of the middle school students in swimming teaching, and the fear psychology. It is due to the lack of clear goals for swimming skills and no good experience before. Therefore, the objective ability and level of the students should be taken into consideration in the process of setting goals, and on the other hand, students should be encouraged to participate actively and actively, the timely feedback information, and the communication and communication of.2. achievements with teachers. The procedural intervention of the standard theory greatly relieves the students' fear and greatly improves the "enthusiasm" of the students' participation in learning through the theoretical intervention of the achievement goal. The students' effect in the breaststroke technology learning is obvious. The students in the experimental class are better than the control class in the study of the breaststroke technical links, and the quality of the technology is good or bad. It also directly determines the speed of swimming. Experiments prove that the students in the experimental class are better than the students in the control class.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1-4

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