江苏省女子柔道运动员运动损伤调查及预防对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 12:31

本文选题：江苏省 + 女子柔道　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：江苏省女子柔道队是江苏省乃至全国的一只传统队伍,多次代表国家队出战各项国际赛事并取得了优异成绩。柔道项目身体直接对抗并且非常激烈,运动员经常会发生运动损伤。据调查,江苏省女子柔道队运动员长期受到伤病困扰,影响了训练和比赛成绩。为了查明江苏女子柔道运动员损伤的原因,并制定出有针对性的防治损伤的措施,本研究运用文献综述法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、归纳统计并结合FMS功能性测试法以及等速肌力测试法对对江苏省女子柔道队运动员运动损伤情况进行调查分析,探讨江苏省女子柔道运动员的运动损伤特征及其发生因素,尝试性的针对问题提出合理科学可行的预防对策,以为降低江苏省女子柔道运动员运动损伤发生率,加快有伤运动员损伤康复,提高训练和比赛质量提供一定的理论和现实指导。研究如下:(1)江苏省女子柔道队伤病率达到77.4%。其中急性损伤占44.6%,慢性占55.4%;从损伤程度来看,重度损伤占12.7%,中度损伤占87.3%。(2)损伤时间多集中在训练时期。在训练阶段与比赛阶段运动损伤的性质有所不同,训练阶段以慢性为主,比赛阶段以急性损伤为主。在损伤程度上,两个时期均以中度为主。(3)运动损伤部位集中在肩关节、膝关节,再次为腰部踝关节、手指、小腿、胸部排在第四位,第五位为前臂和颈椎。运动损伤的部位与柔道运动员的技战术特征高度一致。(4)运动损伤的类型以韧带、肌肉损伤为主,再次为半月板/关节软骨伤、血肿/挫伤。(5)运动损伤的发生原因主要为身体素质差、技术动作不正确、过度疲劳、带伤参训比赛、不能依据自身情况调节运动量、自我保护意识差、准备活动不科学。(6)预防女子柔道运动损伤的的措施包括:加强运动员的薄弱环节、提高其身体素质训练;安排充分并且合理的的准备活动内容;专项训练内容和运动负荷要统筹安排;重视训练后的恢复,避免运动员过度疲劳;加强运动队医务监督工作,防治运动员重复受伤;重视运动员康复,合理安排受伤运动员的训练。
[Abstract]:The women's judo team of Jiangsu Province is a traditional team in Jiangsu Province and even the whole country, and has made outstanding achievements in many international competitions on behalf of the national team. Judo sports directly against the body and very fierce, athletes often have sports injuries. According to the investigation, Jiangsu Province women judo team athletes have long suffered from injuries, affecting training and competition results. In order to find out the causes of injuries of Jiangsu women judo athletes and to formulate targeted measures to prevent and cure injuries, this study uses literature review, questionnaire survey, and expert interviews. Combined with FMS functional test and isokinetic muscle strength test, the authors investigated and analyzed the sports injury of Jiangsu women judo team athletes, and discussed the characteristics of sports injury and its occurrence factors of Jiangsu women judo athletes. In order to reduce the incidence of sports injury of female judo athletes in Jiangsu Province and speed up the rehabilitation of injured athletes, some reasonable, scientific and feasible preventive measures were put forward in order to reduce the incidence of sports injuries of women judo athletes in Jiangsu Province. Improve the quality of training and competition to provide some theoretical and practical guidance. The results are as follows: (1) the injury rate of Jiangsu women judo team reached 77.4%. Among them, acute injury accounted for 44.6 and chronic 55.4.The severe injury accounted for 12.7 and moderate injury 87.3. (2) the injury time was concentrated in the training period. The nature of sports injury in training stage is different from that in competition stage. The training stage is chronic and the competition stage is acute injury. In the degree of injury, the two stages were mainly moderate. (3) the position of motion injury was mainly in shoulder joint, knee joint, waist and ankle joint, finger, lower leg, chest again in the fourth place, the fifth in forearm and cervical spine. The position of sports injury is highly consistent with the technical and tactical characteristics of judo athletes. (4) the type of sports injury is ligament and muscle injury, and again meniscus / articular cartilage injury. Hematoma / contusion. (5) the main causes of sports injury are poor physical quality, incorrect technical action, excessive fatigue, training competition with injuries, unable to adjust the amount of exercise according to their own conditions, and poor self-protection consciousness. (6) the measures to prevent women's judo injury include: strengthening the weak links of athletes, improving their physical quality training, arranging adequate and reasonable content of preparation activities; Special training content and exercise load should be arranged as a whole; attention should be paid to recovery after training to avoid excessive fatigue of athletes; medical supervision of sports teams should be strengthened to prevent athletes from repeated injuries; athletes should be rehabilitated. Reasonable arrangement of training for injured athletes.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G886.4

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