PNF拉伸法对排球专项学生柔韧素质的影响

发布时间：2018-07-12 09:35

本文选题：PNF拉伸法 + 排球　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于任何一项体育运动而言,柔韧素质都是运动员必须具备的身体素质之一,拉伸练习是提高柔韧性的主要方法,是运动训练的重要组成部分。良好的柔韧素质不仅能够提高运动员的运动表现,还可以预防损伤,延长运动寿命。在发展柔韧性的练习中静力拉伸、动力拉伸和PNF拉伸是目前研究中最为常见的方法。PNF拉伸法作为一种较新颖的训练方法,是由康复医学领域引入到运动领域中,用于改善机体柔韧性和协调性。PNF拉伸法遵循本体感觉神经肌肉易化术的基本理论,以主动—助力牵伸为主要形式,是一种常见的物理治疗方法。随着PNF拉伸法的广泛应用与发展,这种拉伸方式被运用到许多运动项目中,但在排球运动中的运用及研究较少。排球运动是一项对运动员身体协调配合以及速度、力量、柔韧、灵敏、耐力等各项综合素质要求较高的体育项目,要求运动员具备良好的感觉、较高的反应、灵敏和协调能力,这对运动员基本素质之一的柔韧素质提出了更高的要求。为此,本研究从排球项目特点出发,探究PNF拉伸法对排球专项学生柔韧素质的影响,以期通过柔韧素质的提高带动其它素质直接或间接的增强,进而提高运动员的竞技能力,获得优异运动成绩,减少运动损伤,延长运动寿命。本研究主要采用实验法、文献资料法和数理统计法,将传统拉伸方法与PNF拉伸法进行对比实验研究。选取12名北京体育大学教育学院2014级男子排球专项学生为实验对象,随机分为对照组和实验组,进行8周的拉伸练习,实验前后分别测试运动员髋关节、躯干和肩关节的柔韧状况,对比分析实验前后实验对象各项指标变化情况,结果表明:(1)传统拉伸法与PNF拉伸法对髋关节柔韧素质的影响存在显著性差异。实验表明,PNF拉伸是改善股四头肌、股后肌群、韧带伸展性,提高髋关节活动幅度更为有效的方法。(2)躯干柔韧素质测试成绩表明传统拉伸组与PNF拉伸组有显著性差异。PNF拉伸法对拉伸躯干两侧肌群,加大脊柱侧屈和躯干后伸幅度更为显著。(3)传统拉伸组与PNF拉伸组肩关节柔韧基本无显著性差异。传统拉伸法和PNF拉伸法对提高排球专项学生肩关节柔韧素质都有一定效果,说明二者都有助于提高肩关节柔韧性。
[Abstract]:For any sport, flexibility is one of the physical qualities that athletes must possess. Stretching exercise is the main method to improve flexibility and an important part of sports training. Good flexibility can not only improve athletes' performance, but also prevent injury and prolong sports life. In the practice of developing flexibility, static stretching, dynamic stretching and PNF stretching are the most common methods in the present study. PNF stretching, as a relatively novel training method, is introduced into the sports field from the field of rehabilitation medicine. In order to improve the flexibility and coordination of the body. PNF stretching method follows the basic theory of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. It is a common physical therapy with active-assisted drafting as the main form. With the wide application and development of PNF stretching method, this stretching method has been used in many sports, but it is seldom used and studied in volleyball. Volleyball is a sports event which requires high overall quality, such as speed, strength, flexibility, agility, endurance and so on. It requires athletes to have good feeling, high reaction, agility and coordination ability. This puts forward higher requirements for the flexibility of one of the basic qualities of athletes. Therefore, based on the characteristics of volleyball events, this study explores the influence of PNF stretching method on the flexibility of volleyball special students, in order to promote the enhancement of other qualities directly or indirectly through the improvement of flexibility, and then to improve the competitive ability of athletes. Obtain excellent sports results, reduce sports injuries, and prolong sports life. This study mainly adopts the experimental method, the literature method and the mathematical statistics method, carries on the contrast experiment research between the traditional drawing method and the PNF drawing method. Twelve male volleyball students of Grade 2014 in Beijing physical Education University were randomly divided into two groups: control group and experimental group. The subjects were divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. After 8 weeks of stretching exercise, the hip joints of the athletes were tested before and after the experiment. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences between the traditional stretching method and PNF stretching method on the flexibility of hip joint. The results show that PNF stretching can improve the extension of quadriceps femoris, posterior femoral muscles and ligaments. (2) the results of trunk flexibility test showed that there was significant difference between the traditional stretching group and the PNF stretching group. (3) there was no significant difference in shoulder flexibility between traditional stretching group and PNF extension group. The traditional stretching method and PNF stretching method have certain effect on improving the flexibility of shoulder joint of volleyball special students, which shows that both of them can help to improve the flexibility of shoulder joint.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G842-4

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